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Nunan, D. (1991). Language teaching methodology: A textbook for teachers. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.

O’Malley, J. M.&Pierce, L. V. (1996). Authentic assessment for English language teachers. Addison-Wesley.

PET Speaking Tests by University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate.

Richards, J. C. (2002). English for international communication. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Underhill, N. (1987). Testing spoken language: A handbook of oral testing techniques. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Ur, P. (1996). A course in language teaching. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Vu Thi Phuong Anh&Nguyen Thi Kim Thu (2003). He thong dinh chuan trinh do ngoai ngu cua Hoi dong Chau Au. In Hochiminh City University of Social Sciences and Humanities Workshop Record: Khoa hoc Xa hoi va Nhan van trong boi canh hoi nhap Quoc te (p. 270-277). Hochiminh City: Hochiminh City University of Social Sciences and Humanities.

Appendices

Appendix 1: three achievement speaking tests used at tnu

TEST 1: ENGLISH SPEAKING TEST

Class: English K2000 – Term 1

Students are supposed to give a presentation about one of the following topics, then answer examiners’ two or three additional questions.

  1. Please introduce yourself. We would like to know about your birthplace, your age, and your family. How does your family help you in your study?
  2. Could you tell us about your daily activities and then your freetime activities? What are your likes and dislikes?
  3. Could you tell us about your new class and your new school? How did you feel when you first arrive here?
  4. Would you please describe the appearance of a special friend in your class? Why is he/she special to you?
  5. Who is the monitor of your class? What’s he like? What do you think of him as a monitor?
  6. Please describe your mother. Do you look like her? What kind of clothes does she often wear? Do you have the same way of dressing?
  7. Please describe your father’s character. What is his job? Do you often talk with him about your study and your friends?
  8. Where are you from? Could you tell us about some of the interesting places in your hometown?
  9. Please talk about your hometown. We would like to know about its location, the weather and the environment there.
  10. Could you tell us about life of people in your hometown? (population, their main jobs, their standard of living, their character...)
  11. What do you remember most about your childhood? Did you have a happy child hood?
  12. You are now a first-year student. Is there any difference between your life now and life when you were a highschool pupil?
  13. When do you think Christmas season begins? Could you describe the atmosphere around when Christmas is coming?
  14. Who is the most famous person at Christmas? Can you describe him? What kind of gift would you like him to give you?
  15. What did you do last Christmas? (Before, on Christmas Eve, on Christmas Day.) How did you feel?
  16. Lunar New Year Holiday is coming. How do you feel? What do you like most about it?
  17. What do you often do before the Lunar New Year Holiday? How do you feel at the very moment when the old year is out and the new year is in? what do you often do then?
  18. Could you tell us about some of the Vietnamese customs concerning the Tet Holiday?
  19. Are you superstitious? Could you give us some examples of your own superstition or your family superstition or the superstition of the Vietnamese people during the Tet Holiday?
  20. What do you often do on the three days of Tet? How do you feel on these days?

Questions & Answers

how does Neisseria cause meningitis
Nyibol Reply
what is microbiologist
Muhammad Reply
what is errata
Muhammad
is the branch of biology that deals with the study of microorganisms.
Ntefuni Reply
What is microbiology
Mercy Reply
studies of microbes
Louisiaste
when we takee the specimen which lumbar,spin,
Ziyad Reply
How bacteria create energy to survive?
Muhamad Reply
Bacteria doesn't produce energy they are dependent upon their substrate in case of lack of nutrients they are able to make spores which helps them to sustain in harsh environments
_Adnan
But not all bacteria make spores, l mean Eukaryotic cells have Mitochondria which acts as powerhouse for them, since bacteria don't have it, what is the substitution for it?
Muhamad
they make spores
Louisiaste
what is sporadic nd endemic, epidemic
Aminu Reply
the significance of food webs for disease transmission
Abreham
food webs brings about an infection as an individual depends on number of diseased foods or carriers dully.
Mark
explain assimilatory nitrate reduction
Esinniobiwa Reply
Assimilatory nitrate reduction is a process that occurs in some microorganisms, such as bacteria and archaea, in which nitrate (NO3-) is reduced to nitrite (NO2-), and then further reduced to ammonia (NH3).
Elkana
This process is called assimilatory nitrate reduction because the nitrogen that is produced is incorporated in the cells of microorganisms where it can be used in the synthesis of amino acids and other nitrogen products
Elkana
Examples of thermophilic organisms
Shu Reply
Give Examples of thermophilic organisms
Shu
advantages of normal Flora to the host
Micheal Reply
Prevent foreign microbes to the host
Abubakar
they provide healthier benefits to their hosts
ayesha
They are friends to host only when Host immune system is strong and become enemies when the host immune system is weakened . very bad relationship!
Mark
what is cell
faisal Reply
cell is the smallest unit of life
Fauziya
cell is the smallest unit of life
Akanni
ok
Innocent
cell is the structural and functional unit of life
Hasan
is the fundamental units of Life
Musa
what are emergency diseases
Micheal Reply
There are nothing like emergency disease but there are some common medical emergency which can occur simultaneously like Bleeding,heart attack,Breathing difficulties,severe pain heart stock.Hope you will get my point .Have a nice day ❣️
_Adnan
define infection ,prevention and control
Innocent
I think infection prevention and control is the avoidance of all things we do that gives out break of infections and promotion of health practices that promote life
Lubega
Heyy Lubega hussein where are u from?
_Adnan
en français
Adama
which site have a normal flora
ESTHER Reply
Many sites of the body have it Skin Nasal cavity Oral cavity Gastro intestinal tract
Safaa
skin
Asiina
skin,Oral,Nasal,GIt
Sadik
How can Commensal can Bacteria change into pathogen?
Sadik
How can Commensal Bacteria change into pathogen?
Sadik
all
Tesfaye
by fussion
Asiina
what are the advantages of normal Flora to the host
Micheal
what are the ways of control and prevention of nosocomial infection in the hospital
Micheal
what is inflammation
Shelly Reply
part of a tissue or an organ being wounded or bruised.
Wilfred
what term is used to name and classify microorganisms?
Micheal Reply
Binomial nomenclature
adeolu
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