# 5.1 Lab 5: ctft and its applications  (Page 2/4)

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## Varying pulse width

Keep the default values of Time shift (=0) and Time scaling (=1) and vary the Pulse width of the rectangular pulse. First, set the value of the Pulse width to its minimum value (=0.01) and then increase it. Observe that increasing the Pulse width in the time domain decrements the width in the frequency domain (see [link] ). When the Pulse width is set to its maximum value (=1) in the frequency domain, only one value can be seen at the center frequency indicating the signal is of DC type (refer to Properties of CTFT section of Chapter 5).

## Time shift

Next, for a fixed pulse width, vary the time shift. Observe that the phase spectrum changes but the magnitude spectrum remains the same. If the signal $x\left(t\right)$ is shifted by a constant ${t}_{0}$ , its FT magnitude does not change, but the term $-{\mathrm{\omega t}}_{0}$ gets added to its phase angle. This verifies the time-shifting property of FT as stated in Properties of CTFT section of Chapter 5 (see [link] ).

## Time scaling

Observe that increasing the control Time scaling makes the spectrum wider. This indicates that compressing the signal in the time domain leads to expansion in the frequency domain. This verifies the time-scaling property of FT as stated in Properties of CTFT section of Chapter 5 (see [link] ).

## Linearity

Here, combine two signals to examine the linearity property of FT. Select Linear Combination for the Time domain and Frequency domain combination method. This selection combines two time signals, ${x}_{1}\left(t\right)$ and ${x}_{2}\left(t\right)$ , linearly with the scaling factors, ${a}_{1}$ and ${a}_{2}$ , producing a new signal, ${a}_{1}{x}_{1}\left(t\right)+{a}_{2}{x}_{2}\left(t\right)$ . [link] displays the FT of this linear combination. The linear combination in the frequency domain produces a new signal, ${a}_{1}{X}_{1}\left(\omega \right)+{a}_{2}{X}_{2}\left(\omega \right)$ . [link] also displays the inverse FT of this combination. Observe that both combinations produce the same result in the time and frequency domains, as indicated by the linearity property stated in Properties of CTFT section of Chapter 5.

## Time convolution

In this part, convolve two signals in the time domain to examine the time-convolution property of FT. Select Convolution for Time domain and Multiplication for Frequency domain. This selection produces and displays a new signal, ${x}_{1}\left(t\right)\ast {x}_{2}\left(t\right)$ , by convolving the two time signals ${x}_{1}\left(t\right)$ and ${x}_{2}\left(t\right)$ . Multiplication in the frequency domain produces a new signal, ${X}_{1}\left(\omega \right){X}_{2}\left(\omega \right)$ . The inverse FT of this multiplied signal is also displayed on the right. Note that both combinations produce the same outcome in the time and frequency domains. This verifies the time-convolution property stated in the Properties of CTFT section of Chapter 5 (see [link] ).

## Frequency convolution

Convolve two signals in the frequency domain to examine the frequency-convolution property of FT. Select Convolution for Frequency domain and Multiplication for Time domain. This selection convolves the two time signals ${X}_{1}\left(\omega \right)$ and ${X}_{2}\left(\omega \right)$ to produce a new signal, ${X}_{1}\left(\omega \right)\ast {X}_{2}\left(\omega \right)$ . The inverse FT of the convolved signal is displayed. Multiplication in Time domain produces a new signal, ${x}_{1}\left(t\right){x}_{2}\left(t\right)$ . The FT of this multiplied signal is also displayed. Note that both combinations produce the same outcome in the time and frequency domains. This verifies the frequency-convolution property stated in the Properties of CTFT section of Chapter 5 (see [link] ).

find the 15th term of the geometric sequince whose first is 18 and last term of 387
The given of f(x=x-2. then what is the value of this f(3) 5f(x+1)
hmm well what is the answer
Abhi
how do they get the third part x = (32)5/4
can someone help me with some logarithmic and exponential equations.
20/(×-6^2)
Salomon
okay, so you have 6 raised to the power of 2. what is that part of your answer
I don't understand what the A with approx sign and the boxed x mean
it think it's written 20/(X-6)^2 so it's 20 divided by X-6 squared
Salomon
I'm not sure why it wrote it the other way
Salomon
I got X =-6
Salomon
ok. so take the square root of both sides, now you have plus or minus the square root of 20= x-6
oops. ignore that.
so you not have an equal sign anywhere in the original equation?
hmm
Abhi
is it a question of log
Abhi
🤔.
Abhi
Commplementary angles
hello
Sherica
im all ears I need to learn
Sherica
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Tamia
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Uday
what is a good calculator for all algebra; would a Casio fx 260 work with all algebra equations? please name the cheapest, thanks.
a perfect square v²+2v+_
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algebra 2 Inequalities:If equation 2 = 0 it is an open set?
or infinite solutions?
Kim
The answer is neither. The function, 2 = 0 cannot exist. Hence, the function is undefined.
Al
y=10×
if |A| not equal to 0 and order of A is n prove that adj (adj A = |A|
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Need to simplify the expresin. 3/7 (x+y)-1/7 (x-1)=
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what's the easiest and fastest way to the synthesize AgNP?
China
Cied
types of nano material
I start with an easy one. carbon nanotubes woven into a long filament like a string
Porter
many many of nanotubes
Porter
what is the k.e before it land
Yasmin
what is the function of carbon nanotubes?
Cesar
I'm interested in nanotube
Uday
what is nanomaterials​ and their applications of sensors.
what is nano technology
what is system testing?
preparation of nanomaterial
Yes, Nanotechnology has a very fast field of applications and their is always something new to do with it...
what is system testing
what is the application of nanotechnology?
Stotaw
In this morden time nanotechnology used in many field . 1-Electronics-manufacturad IC ,RAM,MRAM,solar panel etc 2-Helth and Medical-Nanomedicine,Drug Dilivery for cancer treatment etc 3- Atomobile -MEMS, Coating on car etc. and may other field for details you can check at Google
Azam
anybody can imagine what will be happen after 100 years from now in nano tech world
Prasenjit
after 100 year this will be not nanotechnology maybe this technology name will be change . maybe aftet 100 year . we work on electron lable practically about its properties and behaviour by the different instruments
Azam
name doesn't matter , whatever it will be change... I'm taking about effect on circumstances of the microscopic world
Prasenjit
how hard could it be to apply nanotechnology against viral infections such HIV or Ebola?
Damian
silver nanoparticles could handle the job?
Damian
not now but maybe in future only AgNP maybe any other nanomaterials
Azam
Hello
Uday
I'm interested in Nanotube
Uday
this technology will not going on for the long time , so I'm thinking about femtotechnology 10^-15
Prasenjit
can nanotechnology change the direction of the face of the world
At high concentrations (>0.01 M), the relation between absorptivity coefficient and absorbance is no longer linear. This is due to the electrostatic interactions between the quantum dots in close proximity. If the concentration of the solution is high, another effect that is seen is the scattering of light from the large number of quantum dots. This assumption only works at low concentrations of the analyte. Presence of stray light.
the Beer law works very well for dilute solutions but fails for very high concentrations. why?
how did you get the value of 2000N.What calculations are needed to arrive at it
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