# 12.2 The hyperbola

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In this section, you will:
• Locate a hyperbola’s vertices and foci.
• Write equations of hyperbolas in standard form.
• Graph hyperbolas centered at the origin.
• Graph hyperbolas not centered at the origin.
• Solve applied problems involving hyperbolas.

What do paths of comets, supersonic booms, ancient Grecian pillars, and natural draft cooling towers have in common? They can all be modeled by the same type of conic . For instance, when something moves faster than the speed of sound, a shock wave in the form of a cone is created. A portion of a conic is formed when the wave intersects the ground, resulting in a sonic boom. See [link] .

Most people are familiar with the sonic boom created by supersonic aircraft, but humans were breaking the sound barrier long before the first supersonic flight. The crack of a whip occurs because the tip is exceeding the speed of sound. The bullets shot from many firearms also break the sound barrier, although the bang of the gun usually supersedes the sound of the sonic boom.

## Locating the vertices and foci of a hyperbola

In analytic geometry, a hyperbola    is a conic section formed by intersecting a right circular cone with a plane at an angle such that both halves of the cone are intersected. This intersection produces two separate unbounded curves that are mirror images of each other. See [link] .

Like the ellipse, the hyperbola can also be defined as a set of points in the coordinate plane. A hyperbola is the set of all points $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\left(x,y\right)\text{\hspace{0.17em}}$ in a plane such that the difference of the distances between $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\left(x,y\right)\text{\hspace{0.17em}}$ and the foci is a positive constant.

Notice that the definition of a hyperbola is very similar to that of an ellipse. The distinction is that the hyperbola is defined in terms of the difference of two distances, whereas the ellipse is defined in terms of the sum of two distances.

As with the ellipse, every hyperbola has two axes of symmetry . The transverse axis    is a line segment that passes through the center of the hyperbola and has vertices as its endpoints. The foci lie on the line that contains the transverse axis. The conjugate axis    is perpendicular to the transverse axis and has the co-vertices as its endpoints. The center of a hyperbola    is the midpoint of both the transverse and conjugate axes, where they intersect. Every hyperbola also has two asymptotes that pass through its center. As a hyperbola recedes from the center, its branches approach these asymptotes. The central rectangle of the hyperbola is centered at the origin with sides that pass through each vertex and co-vertex; it is a useful tool for graphing the hyperbola and its asymptotes. To sketch the asymptotes of the hyperbola, simply sketch and extend the diagonals of the central rectangle. See [link] .

In this section, we will limit our discussion to hyperbolas that are positioned vertically or horizontally in the coordinate plane; the axes will either lie on or be parallel to the x - and y -axes. We will consider two cases: those that are centered at the origin, and those that are centered at a point other than the origin.

#### Questions & Answers

what is the VA Ha D R X int Y int of f(x) =x²+4x+4/x+2 f(x) =x³-1/x-1
can I get help with this?
Wayne
Are they two separate problems or are the two functions a system?
Wilson
Also, is the first x squared in "x+4x+4"
Wilson
x^2+4x+4?
Wilson
thank you
Wilson
Please see ***imgur.com/a/lpTpDZk for solutions
Wilson
f(x)=x square-root 2 +2x+1 how to solve this value
factor or use quadratic formula
Wilson
what is algebra
The product of two is 32. Find a function that represents the sum of their squares.
Paul
if theta =30degree so COS2 theta = 1- 10 square theta upon 1 + tan squared theta
how to compute this 1. g(1-x) 2. f(x-2) 3. g (-x-/5) 4. f (x)- g (x)
hi
John
hi
Grace
what sup friend
John
not much For functions, there are two conditions for a function to be the inverse function:   1--- g(f(x)) = x for all x in the domain of f     2---f(g(x)) = x for all x in the domain of g Notice in both cases you will get back to the  element that you started with, namely, x.
Grace
sin theta=3/4.prove that sec square theta barabar 1 + tan square theta by cosec square theta minus cos square theta
acha se dhek ke bata sin theta ke value
Ajay
sin theta ke ja gha sin square theta hoga
Ajay
I want to know trigonometry but I can't understand it anyone who can help
Yh
Idowu
which part of trig?
Nyemba
functions
Siyabonga
trigonometry
Ganapathi
differentiation doubhts
Ganapathi
hi
Ganapathi
hello
Brittany
Prove that 4sin50-3tan 50=1
False statement so you cannot prove it
Wilson
f(x)= 1 x    f(x)=1x  is shifted down 4 units and to the right 3 units.
f (x) = −3x + 5 and g (x) = x − 5 /−3
Sebit
what are real numbers
I want to know partial fraction Decomposition.
classes of function in mathematics
divide y2_8y2+5y2/y2
wish i knew calculus to understand what's going on 🙂
@dashawn ... in simple terms, a derivative is the tangent line of the function. which gives the rate of change at that instant. to calculate. given f(x)==ax^n. then f'(x)=n*ax^n-1 . hope that help.
Christopher
thanks bro
Dashawn
maybe when i start calculus in a few months i won't be that lost 😎
Dashawn
what's the derivative of 4x^6
24x^5
James
10x
Axmed
24X^5
Taieb
comment écrire les symboles de math par un clavier normal
SLIMANE