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- Fundamentals of mathematics
- Addition and subtraction of
- Subtraction of whole numbers
Sample set e
Perform this subtraction.
The number 503 contains a single zero
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The number to the immediate left of 0 is 5. Decrease 5 by 1.
- Draw a line through the zero and make it a 10.
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Borrow from the 10 and proceed.
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Practice set e
Perform each subtraction.
Borrowing from a group of zeros
Consider the problem
In this case, we have a group of zeros.
Since we cannot borrow any tens or hundreds, we must borrow 1 thousand. One thousand = 10 hundreds.
We can now borrow 1 hundred from 10 hundreds. One hundred = 10 tens.
We can now borrow 1 ten from 10 tens. One ten = 10 ones.
From observations made in this procedure we can suggest the following method for borrowing from a group of zeros.
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Borrowing from a group of zeros
To borrow from a group of zeros,
- Decrease the digit to the immediate left of the group of zeros by one.
- Draw a line through each zero in the group and make it a 9, except the rightmost zero, make it 10.
- Proceed to subtract as usual.
Sample set f
Perform each subtraction.
The number 40,000 contains a group of zeros.
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The number to the immediate left of the group is 4. Decrease 4 by 1.
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Make each 0, except the rightmost one, 9. Make the rightmost 0 a 10.
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Subtract as usual.
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The number 8,000,006 contains a group of zeros.
- The number to the immediate left of the group is 8. Decrease 8 by 1.
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Make each zero, except the rightmost one, 9. Make the rightmost 0 a 10.
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To perform the subtraction, we’ll need to borrow from the ten.
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Practice set f
Perform each subtraction.
Calculators
In practice, calculators are used to find the difference between two whole numbers.
Sample set g
Find the difference between 1006 and 284.
Display Reads |
Type |
1006 |
1006 |
Press |
|
1006 |
Type |
284 |
284 |
Press |
= |
722 |
The difference between 1006 and 284 is 722.
(What happens if you type 284 first and then 1006? We'll study such numbers in
[link] Chapter 10.)
Practice set g
Exercises
For the following problems, perform the subtractions. You may check each difference with a calculator.
For the following problems, perform each subtraction.
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Source:
OpenStax, Fundamentals of mathematics. OpenStax CNX. Aug 18, 2010 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col10615/1.4
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