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Section exercises

Verbal

What role does the horizontal asymptote of an exponential function play in telling us about the end behavior of the graph?

An asymptote is a line that the graph of a function approaches, as x either increases or decreases without bound. The horizontal asymptote of an exponential function tells us the limit of the function’s values as the independent variable gets either extremely large or extremely small.

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What is the advantage of knowing how to recognize transformations of the graph of a parent function algebraically?

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Algebraic

The graph of f ( x ) = 3 x is reflected about the y -axis and stretched vertically by a factor of 4. What is the equation of the new function, g ( x ) ? State its y -intercept, domain, and range.

g ( x ) = 4 ( 3 ) x ; y -intercept: ( 0 , 4 ) ; Domain: all real numbers; Range: all real numbers greater than 0.

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The graph of f ( x ) = ( 1 2 ) x is reflected about the y -axis and compressed vertically by a factor of 1 5 . What is the equation of the new function, g ( x ) ? State its y -intercept, domain, and range.

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The graph of f ( x ) = 10 x is reflected about the x -axis and shifted upward 7 units. What is the equation of the new function, g ( x ) ? State its y -intercept, domain, and range.

g ( x ) = 10 x + 7 ; y -intercept: ( 0 , 6 ) ; Domain: all real numbers; Range: all real numbers less than 7.

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The graph of f ( x ) = ( 1.68 ) x is shifted right 3 units, stretched vertically by a factor of 2 , reflected about the x -axis, and then shifted downward 3 units. What is the equation of the new function, g ( x ) ? State its y -intercept (to the nearest thousandth), domain, and range.

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The graph of f ( x ) = 2 ( 1 4 ) x 20 is shifted left 2 units, stretched vertically by a factor of 4 , reflected about the x -axis, and then shifted downward 4 units. What is the equation of the new function, g ( x ) ? State its y -intercept, domain, and range.

g ( x ) = 2 ( 1 4 ) x ; y -intercept: ( 0 ,  2 ) ; Domain: all real numbers; Range: all real numbers greater than 0.

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Graphical

For the following exercises, graph the function and its reflection about the y -axis on the same axes, and give the y -intercept.

g ( x ) = 2 ( 0.25 ) x

Graph of two functions, g(-x)=-2(0.25)^(-x) in blue and g(x)=-2(0.25)^x in orange.

y -intercept: ( 0 , 2 )

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h ( x ) = 6 ( 1.75 ) x

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For the following exercises, graph each set of functions on the same axes.

f ( x ) = 3 ( 1 4 ) x , g ( x ) = 3 ( 2 ) x , and h ( x ) = 3 ( 4 ) x

Graph of three functions, g(x)=3(2)^(x) in blue, h(x)=3(4)^(x) in green, and f(x)=3(1/4)^(x) in orange.
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f ( x ) = 1 4 ( 3 ) x , g ( x ) = 2 ( 3 ) x , and h ( x ) = 4 ( 3 ) x

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For the following exercises, match each function with one of the graphs in [link] .

Graph of six exponential functions.

f ( x ) = 2 ( 0.69 ) x

B

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f ( x ) = 2 ( 0.81 ) x

A

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f ( x ) = 2 ( 1.59 ) x

E

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For the following exercises, use the graphs shown in [link] . All have the form f ( x ) = a b x .

Graph of six exponential functions.

Which graph has the largest value for b ?

D

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Which graph has the smallest value for b ?

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Which graph has the largest value for a ?

C

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Which graph has the smallest value for a ?

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For the following exercises, graph the function and its reflection about the x -axis on the same axes.

f ( x ) = 3 ( 0.75 ) x 1

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f ( x ) = 4 ( 2 ) x + 2

Graph of two functions, -f(x)=(4)(2)^(x)-2 in blue and f(x)=(-4)(2)^x+1 in orange.
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For the following exercises, graph the transformation of f ( x ) = 2 x . Give the horizontal asymptote, the domain, and the range.

h ( x ) = 2 x + 3

Graph of h(x)=2^(x)+3.

Horizontal asymptote: h ( x ) = 3 ; Domain: all real numbers; Range: all real numbers strictly greater than 3.

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For the following exercises, describe the end behavior of the graphs of the functions.

f ( x ) = 5 ( 4 ) x 1

As x , f ( x ) ;
As x , f ( x ) 1

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f ( x ) = 3 ( 1 2 ) x 2

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f ( x ) = 3 ( 4 ) x + 2

As x , f ( x ) 2 ;
As x , f ( x )

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For the following exercises, start with the graph of f ( x ) = 4 x . Then write a function that results from the given transformation.

Shift f ( x ) 4 units upward

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Shift f ( x ) 3 units downward

f ( x ) = 4 x 3

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Shift f ( x ) 2 units left

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Shift f ( x ) 5 units right

f ( x ) = 4 x 5

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Reflect f ( x ) about the x -axis

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Reflect f ( x ) about the y -axis

f ( x ) = 4 x

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For the following exercises, each graph is a transformation of y = 2 x . Write an equation describing the transformation.

For the following exercises, find an exponential equation for the graph.

Numeric

For the following exercises, evaluate the exponential functions for the indicated value of x .

g ( x ) = 1 3 ( 7 ) x 2 for g ( 6 ) .

g ( 6 ) = 800 + 1 3 800.3333

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f ( x ) = 4 ( 2 ) x 1 2 for f ( 5 ) .

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h ( x ) = 1 2 ( 1 2 ) x + 6 for h ( 7 ) .

h ( 7 ) = 58

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Technology

For the following exercises, use a graphing calculator to approximate the solutions of the equation. Round to the nearest thousandth. f ( x ) = a b x + d .

50 = ( 1 2 ) x

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116 = 1 4 ( 1 8 ) x

x 2.953

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5 = 3 ( 1 2 ) x 1 2

x 0.222

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30 = 4 ( 2 ) x + 2 + 2

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Extensions

Explore and discuss the graphs of F ( x ) = ( b ) x and G ( x ) = ( 1 b ) x . Then make a conjecture about the relationship between the graphs of the functions b x and ( 1 b ) x for any real number b > 0.

The graph of G ( x ) = ( 1 b ) x is the refelction about the y -axis of the graph of F ( x ) = b x ; For any real number b > 0 and function f ( x ) = b x , the graph of ( 1 b ) x is the the reflection about the y -axis, F ( x ) .

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Prove the conjecture made in the previous exercise.

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Explore and discuss the graphs of f ( x ) = 4 x , g ( x ) = 4 x 2 , and h ( x ) = ( 1 16 ) 4 x . Then make a conjecture about the relationship between the graphs of the functions b x and ( 1 b n ) b x for any real number n and real number b > 0.

The graphs of g ( x ) and h ( x ) are the same and are a horizontal shift to the right of the graph of f ( x ) ; For any real number n , real number b > 0 , and function f ( x ) = b x , the graph of ( 1 b n ) b x is the horizontal shift f ( x n ) .

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Prove the conjecture made in the previous exercise.

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Questions & Answers

find the equation of the tangent to the curve y=2x³-x²+3x+1 at the points x=1 and x=3
Esther Reply
derivative of logarithms function
Iqra Reply
how to solve this question
sidra
ex 2.1 question no 11
khansa
anyone can help me
khansa
question please
Rasul
ex 2.1 question no. 11
khansa
i cant type here
khansa
Find the derivative of g(x)=−3.
Abdullah Reply
any genius online ? I need help!!
Guzorochi Reply
how can i help you?
Pina
need to learn polynomial
Zakariya
i will teach...
nandu
I'm waiting
Zakariya
plz help me in question
Abish
How can I help you?
Tlou
evaluate the following computation (x³-8/x-2)
Murtala Reply
teach me how to solve the first law of calculus.
Uncle Reply
teach me also how to solve the first law of calculus
Bilson
what is differentiation
Ibrahim Reply
only god knows😂
abdulkadir
f(x) = x-2 g(x) = 3x + 5 fog(x)? f(x)/g(x)
Naufal Reply
fog(x)= f(g(x)) = x-2 = 3x+5-2 = 3x+3 f(x)/g(x)= x-2/3x+5
diron
pweding paturo nsa calculus?
jimmy
how to use fundamental theorem to solve exponential
JULIA Reply
find the bounded area of the parabola y^2=4x and y=16x
Omar Reply
what is absolute value means?
Geo Reply
Chicken nuggets
Hugh
🐔
MM
🐔🦃 nuggets
MM
(mathematics) For a complex number a+bi, the principal square root of the sum of the squares of its real and imaginary parts, √a2+b2 . Denoted by | |. The absolute value |x| of a real number x is √x2 , which is equal to x if x is non-negative, and −x if x is negative.
Ismael
find integration of loge x
Game Reply
find the volume of a solid about the y-axis, x=0, x=1, y=0, y=7+x^3
Godwin Reply
how does this work
Brad Reply
Can calculus give the answers as same as other methods give in basic classes while solving the numericals?
Cosmos Reply
log tan (x/4+x/2)
Rohan
please answer
Rohan
y=(x^2 + 3x).(eipix)
Claudia
is this a answer
Ismael
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Source:  OpenStax, Algebra and trigonometry. OpenStax CNX. Nov 14, 2016 Download for free at https://legacy.cnx.org/content/col11758/1.6
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