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- Temperature, kinetic theory,
- Kinetic theory: atomic and
What is the average kinetic energy of a nitrogen molecule (N
2 ) if its
rms speed is 560 m/s? At what temperature is this
rms speed achieved?
(a) 7.29 × 10
-21 J; (b) 352K or 79ºC
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Section summary
- Kinetic theory is the atomistic description of gases as well as liquids and solids.
- Kinetic theory models the properties of matter in terms of continuous random motion of atoms and molecules.
- The ideal gas law can also be expressed as
where
is the pressure (average force per unit area),
is the volume of gas in the container,
is the number of molecules in the container,
is the mass of a molecule, and
is the average of the molecular speed squared.
- Thermal energy is defined to be the average translational kinetic energy
of an atom or molecule.
- The temperature of gases is proportional to the average translational kinetic energy of atoms and molecules.
or
- The motion of individual molecules in a gas is random in magnitude and direction. However, a gas of many molecules has a predictable distribution of molecular speeds, known as the
Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution .
Conceptual questions
Problems&Exercises
Some incandescent light bulbs are filled with argon gas. What is
for argon atoms near the filament, assuming their temperature is 2500 K?
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Average atomic and molecular speeds
are large, even at low temperatures. What is
for helium atoms at 5.00 K, just one degree above helium’s liquefaction temperature?
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(a) What is the average kinetic energy in joules of hydrogen atoms on the
surface of the Sun? (b) What is the average kinetic energy of helium atoms in a region of the solar corona where the temperature is
?
(a)
(b)
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The escape velocity of any object from Earth is 11.2 km/s. (a) Express this speed in m/s and km/h. (b) At what temperature would oxygen molecules (molecular mass is equal to 32.0 g/mol) have an average velocity
equal to Earth’s escape velocity of 11.1 km/s?
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The escape velocity from the Moon is much smaller than from Earth and is only 2.38 km/s. At what temperature would hydrogen molecules (molecular mass is equal to 2.016 g/mol) have an average velocity
equal to the Moon’s escape velocity?
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Nuclear fusion, the energy source of the Sun, hydrogen bombs, and fusion reactors, occurs much more readily when the average kinetic energy of the atoms is high—that is, at high temperatures. Suppose you want the atoms in your fusion experiment to have average kinetic energies of
. What temperature is needed?
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Suppose that the average velocity
of carbon dioxide molecules (molecular mass is equal to 44.0 g/mol) in a flame is found to be
. What temperature does this represent?
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Hydrogen molecules (molecular mass is equal to 2.016 g/mol) have an average velocity
equal to 193 m/s. What is the temperature?
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Much of the gas near the Sun is atomic hydrogen. Its temperature would have to be
for the average velocity
to equal the escape velocity from the Sun. What is that velocity?
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There are two important isotopes of uranium—
and
; these isotopes are nearly identical chemically but have different atomic masses. Only
is very useful in nuclear reactors. One of the techniques for separating them (gas diffusion) is based on the different average velocities
of uranium hexafluoride gas,
. (a) The molecular masses for
and
are 349.0 g/mol and 352.0 g/mol, respectively. What is the ratio of their average velocities? (b) At what temperature would their average velocities differ by 1.00 m/s? (c) Do your answers in this problem imply that this technique may be difficult?
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Questions & Answers
Ayele, K., 2003. Introductory Economics, 3rd ed., Addis Ababa.
can you send the book attached ?
Ariel
the study of how humans make choices under conditions of scarcity
AI-Robot
U(x,y) = (x×y)1/2
find mu of x for y
U(x,y) = (xÃy)1/2
find mu of x for y
Desalegn
this is the study of how the society manages it's scarce resources
Belonwu
macroeconomic is the branch of economics which studies actions, scale, activities and behaviour of the aggregate economy as a whole.
husaini
difference between firm and industry
what's the difference between a firm and an industry
Abdul
firm is the unit which transform inputs to output where as industry contain combination of firms with similar production 😅😅
Abdulraufu
Suppose the demand function that a firm faces shifted from
Qd 120 3P
to
Qd 90 3P
and the supply function has shifted from
QS
20 2P
to
QS
10 2P .
a) Find the effect of this change on price and quantity.
b) Which of the changes in demand and supply is higher?
explain standard reason why economic is a science
factors influencing supply
scares
means__________________ends
resources. unlimited
Jan
economics is a science that studies human behaviour as a relationship b/w ends and scares means which have alternative uses
Jan
calculate the profit maximizing for demand and supply
Why qualify 28 supplies
Milan
out-of-pocket costs for a firm, for example, payments for wages and salaries, rent, or materials
AI-Robot
concepts of supply in microeconomics
identify a demand and a supply curve
there's a difference
Aryan
Demand curve shows that how supply and others conditions affect on demand of a particular thing and what percent demand increase whith increase of supply of goods
Israr
Hi Sir please how do u calculate Cross elastic demand and income elastic demand?
Abari
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Source:
OpenStax, College physics for ap® courses. OpenStax CNX. Nov 04, 2016 Download for free at https://legacy.cnx.org/content/col11844/1.14
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