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Natuurwetenskappe

Gr aad 8

Energie: elektrisiteit, energie, warmte en lig

Module 1

Energie om te begin

Ons energie kom hoofsaaklik vanaf die son en word dan in allerhande vorme aan ons beskikbaar gestel.

‘n Paar Energiefeite

Energie is die vermoë om werk te doen. Ons meet energie in joule (J).

Ons kry twee hooftipes energie:

Ons noem die energie van aksie en beweging KINETIESE energie .

Ons noem die energie van posisie POTENSIëLE energie .

Energie kom ook in verskillende vorms voor, byvoorbeeld

chemiese energie wat vanaf chemiese stowwe soos petrol, olie, gas, batterye en kos kom;

elektriese energie wat vanaf elektrisiteit kom;

klank-energie wat vanaf luidsprekers kom; en

stralingsenergie wat vanaf lig en hitte kom. Die son is ons grootste bron hiervan;

kernenergie word weer gestoor in die kern van ‘n atoom.

Energie kan nie geskep of vernietig word nie, maar slegs van een vorm na ‘n ander omgeskakel word.

Aktiwiteit:

Om die verskillende vorms van energie te kan identifiseer

[lo 2.1, 2.2, 2.4]

Opdrag 1:

Dui op die volgende lys aan watter energievorm elke keer verteenwoordig word.

  1. Motorbattery
  2. Paraffienstofie
  3. Opwenkarretjie
  4. Haardroër
  5. Skietrekkie
  6. Radio
  7. Kos
  8. ‘n Plantjie wat groei
  9. Brandende kers
  10. Kernkragsentrale

Assessering van Energievorme

Kon jy die korrekte energievorm aanwys?

[LO 2.2]

Assessering

LU 1

Wetenskaplike Ondersoek Die leerder is in staat om met selfvertroue op weetgierigheid oor natuurlike verskynsels te reageer, en om binne die konteks van wetenskap, tegnologie en die omgewing verbande te ondersoek en probleme op te los.

Dit word bewys as die leerder:

1.1 ondersoeke kan beplan;

1.2 ondersoeke kan uitvoer en data kan insamel;

1.3 data kan evalueer en bevindinge kan kommunikeer.

LU 2

Wetenskaplike KennisDie leerder ken, interpreteer en pas wetenskaplike, tegnologiese en omgewingskennis toe.

Dit word bewys as die leerder:

2.1 sinvolle inligting kan oproep;

2.2 inligting in kategorieë kan plaas;

2.3 inligting kan interpreteer;

2.4 kennis kan toepas.

LU 3

Wetenskap, Omgewing en die GemeenskapDie leerder is in staat om begrip van die onderlinge verband tussen wetenskap en tegnologie, die samelewing en die omgewing te toon.

Dit word bewys as die leerder:

3.1 wetenskap as ‘n menslike aktiwiteit kan verstaan;

3.2 volhoubare gebruik van die aarde se hulpbronne verstaan.

Memorandum

MINIMUM INHOUD

Module 1

Energie is die vermoë om werk te doen. Ons meet energie in joule (J).

  • Die mens gebruik energie om:
  • homself aan te dryf vir al sy bewegings en aktiwiteite
  • vir hitte en gerief
  • om sy uitvindsels en masjiene aan te dryf sodat sy werktake makliker is.
  • Ons kry twee hooftipes energie:
  • Ons noem die energie van aksie en beweging KINETIESE energie
  • Ons noem die energie van posisie POTENSIëLE energie

Energie kom ook in verskillende vorms voor, byvoorbeeld:

  • Chemiese energie kom vanaf chemiese stowwe soos petrol, olie, gas, batterye en kos.
  • Elektriese energie kom vanaf elektristeit.
  • Klankenergie kom vanaf luidsprekers.
  • Stralingsenergie kom vanaf lig en hitte. Die son is ons grootste bron hiervan.
  • Kernenergie word weer in die kern van ‘n atoom gestoor.
  • Energie kan ook van een vorm na ‘n ander omskep word soos wat julle in Gr. 9 sal leer in die eenheid oor ENERGIE, KRAGTE EN MASJIENE.
  • Omskakelings vind gewoonlik plaas van een vorm na ‘n ander volgens die wet op die BEHOUD VAN ENERGIE. Herman Helmholtz (1821-1894) was die persoon wat die wet oor die BEHOUD VAN ENERGIE ontwikkel het.
  • Dit bepaal dat ENERGIE NIE GESKEP OF VERNIETIG KAN WORD NIE.
  • Dit kan slegs van een vorm na ‘n ander oorgeskakel word.
  • In die leerders se voorbeeld sal dit dus soos volg verduidelik moet word

AKTIWITEIT

OPDRAG 1:

1. Motorbattery – CHEMIESE NA ELEKTRIESE

2. Parafienstofie- CHEMIESE NA HITTE

3. Opwenkarretjie – POTENSIËLE NA KINETIESE

4. Haardroër – ELEKTRIESE NA HITTE

5. Skietrekkie - POTENSIËLE NA KINETIESE

6. Radio – ELEKTRIESE NA KLANK

7. Kos – CHEMIESE NA KINETIESE

8. ‘n Plantjie wat groei – STRALING NA KINETIESE

9. Brandende kers – CHEMIESE NA LIG EN HITTE

10. Kernkragsentrale – KINETIESE NA ELEKTRIESE

  • Vir die gr. 8 leerders behoort dit egter aan die hand van ‘n eenvoudige voorbeeld verduidelik te word.
  • Ons almal weet die gewone gloeilamp gee vir ons lig, maar ‘n rukkie nadat dit aangeskakel is, kan ‘n mens skaars aan die gloeilamp raak, so warm word dit. In een sekonde word sowat 100J elektriese energie omgeskakel na ligenergie EN hitte-energie. Die ligenergie is sowat 5J se waarde terwyl die hitte sowat 95J.
  • Die energie-omskakeling is dus:
  • ELEKTRIESE ENERGIE NA LIGENERGIE EN HITTE-ENERGIE
  • Die gloeilamp is dus totaal onekonomies!!!
  • As jy verder dink, sal jy agterkom dat kos die mens se belangrikste ENERGIEBRON is. Hy benodig egter ook ander bronne, bv. elektrisiteit en brandstowwe.Dit bring ons by die volgende leereenheid.

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Source:  OpenStax, Natuurwetenskappe graad 8. OpenStax CNX. Sep 12, 2009 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11049/1.1
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