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Natuurwetenskappe

Graad 8

Energie: elektrisiteit, energie, warmte en lig

Module 2

Huidige energiebronne

  • Op die oomblik kom die meeste van ons energie van fossielbronne (steenkool, vloeibare petroleum, olie, natuurlike gas) en kernbronne. Fossielbronne is nie net onvervangbaar nie, maar raak al hoe minder en veroorsaak ook besoedeling. Dit is moeilik om jou ’n wêreld sonder elektrisiteit in te dink, maar hierdie energiebron is onbekend in baie dele van Suid-Afrika en van die vasteland van Afrika.
  • Energie in Suid-Afrika word in verskillende vorme verskaf, waarvan die belangrikste elektrisiteit en vloeibare brandstowwe (van ru-olie en steenkool geraffineer), steenkool en biomassa (vuurmaakhout) is.

Die hoof elektrisiteitsopwekkingsbronne wat in Suid-Afrika gebruik word, is:

verbranding van steenkool;

hidro-elektrisiteit;

kernkrag.

S teenkoolverbranding en kragsentrales

Aktiwiteit 1:

Om steenkoolverbranding as bron te verstaan en te evalueer

[lu 2.3, 2.4]

Steenkool is tans die mees algemene bron van energie en dus van elektrisiteit, aangesien Suid-Afrika ryklik voorsien is van steenkoolreserwes. ESKOM (Afrikaans EVKOM) se steenkoolkragsentrales produseer omtrent 90% van ons land se elektrisiteit. Ons het tans 18 sulke groot kragsentrales.

Opdrag 1:

Besoek Eskom se webruimte en vind meer uit oor hierdie tipe kragopwekking.

Jy het veral inligting oor die basiese werking van so ‘n tipiese sentrale nodig.

Waarvoor staan ESKOM?

Aan wie voorsien hulle elektrisiteit?

Opdrag 2:

Stel die verskillende stappe van die opwekkingsproses voor deur die volgende in die korrekte volgorde neer te skryf.

Turbine draai die generator se rotor.

Steenkool word verbrand.

Stoom dryf die turbines.

Elektrisiteit word met koperdrade weggevoer.

Steenkool word fyngemaal.

Water in pype word verhit totdat dit stoom.

Die rotor is ‘n elektromagneet wat elektrisiteit opwek.

Steenkool word ontgin en vervoer.

Opdrag 3:

Voltooi die volgende vrae na aanleiding van inligting wat jy oor die proses verkry het.

1. Wat gebeur met die stoom nadat dit deur die turbines gedryf is?

2. Hoeveel water benodig so ‘n sisteem per dag?

3. Noem een plek in Suid-Afrika waar jy al sulke hoë koeltorings gesien het.

4. Noem enige ander afval wat tydens hierdie proses vorm.

5. Is steenkoolverbranding as elektrisiteitopwekkingsmetode “skoon” in die natuur?

Hidro-elektrisiteit

Aktiwiteit 2:

Om hidro-elektrisiteit as bron te verstaan en te evalueer

[lu 1.1, 1.2, 1.3]

Ons land is eintlik ‘n baie droë land. Ons het wel twee groot permanente riviere in ons land en ESKOM het twee groot hidro-elektriese kragstasies. Die een is naby die Gariepdam in die Vrystaat en die ander in die Van der Kloofdam naby Petrusville.

Opdrag 1:

Vind uit waar hierdie groot damme sowel as enige ander damme is en teken ‘n kaart van Suid-Afrika om hul posisie te toon.

  • Beweging van water, veral afwaarts as gevolg van gravitasie/swaartekrag, gee aan die watermolekules baie energie.
  • Die vallende water draai ‘n waterturbine en skakel die energie om na elektriese energie.
  • Water word dan gewoonlik teruggepomp en die proses word herhaal.
  • Hierdie energie-oordrag na die een of ander draai-meganisme is al meer as 2 000 jaar in gebruik.

Questions & Answers

how does Neisseria cause meningitis
Nyibol Reply
what is microbiologist
Muhammad Reply
what is errata
Muhammad
is the branch of biology that deals with the study of microorganisms.
Ntefuni Reply
What is microbiology
Mercy Reply
studies of microbes
Louisiaste
when we takee the specimen which lumbar,spin,
Ziyad Reply
How bacteria create energy to survive?
Muhamad Reply
Bacteria doesn't produce energy they are dependent upon their substrate in case of lack of nutrients they are able to make spores which helps them to sustain in harsh environments
_Adnan
But not all bacteria make spores, l mean Eukaryotic cells have Mitochondria which acts as powerhouse for them, since bacteria don't have it, what is the substitution for it?
Muhamad
they make spores
Louisiaste
what is sporadic nd endemic, epidemic
Aminu Reply
the significance of food webs for disease transmission
Abreham
food webs brings about an infection as an individual depends on number of diseased foods or carriers dully.
Mark
explain assimilatory nitrate reduction
Esinniobiwa Reply
Assimilatory nitrate reduction is a process that occurs in some microorganisms, such as bacteria and archaea, in which nitrate (NO3-) is reduced to nitrite (NO2-), and then further reduced to ammonia (NH3).
Elkana
This process is called assimilatory nitrate reduction because the nitrogen that is produced is incorporated in the cells of microorganisms where it can be used in the synthesis of amino acids and other nitrogen products
Elkana
Examples of thermophilic organisms
Shu Reply
Give Examples of thermophilic organisms
Shu
advantages of normal Flora to the host
Micheal Reply
Prevent foreign microbes to the host
Abubakar
they provide healthier benefits to their hosts
ayesha
They are friends to host only when Host immune system is strong and become enemies when the host immune system is weakened . very bad relationship!
Mark
what is cell
faisal Reply
cell is the smallest unit of life
Fauziya
cell is the smallest unit of life
Akanni
ok
Innocent
cell is the structural and functional unit of life
Hasan
is the fundamental units of Life
Musa
what are emergency diseases
Micheal Reply
There are nothing like emergency disease but there are some common medical emergency which can occur simultaneously like Bleeding,heart attack,Breathing difficulties,severe pain heart stock.Hope you will get my point .Have a nice day ❣️
_Adnan
define infection ,prevention and control
Innocent
I think infection prevention and control is the avoidance of all things we do that gives out break of infections and promotion of health practices that promote life
Lubega
Heyy Lubega hussein where are u from?
_Adnan
en français
Adama
which site have a normal flora
ESTHER Reply
Many sites of the body have it Skin Nasal cavity Oral cavity Gastro intestinal tract
Safaa
skin
Asiina
skin,Oral,Nasal,GIt
Sadik
How can Commensal can Bacteria change into pathogen?
Sadik
How can Commensal Bacteria change into pathogen?
Sadik
all
Tesfaye
by fussion
Asiina
what are the advantages of normal Flora to the host
Micheal
what are the ways of control and prevention of nosocomial infection in the hospital
Micheal
what is inflammation
Shelly Reply
part of a tissue or an organ being wounded or bruised.
Wilfred
what term is used to name and classify microorganisms?
Micheal Reply
Binomial nomenclature
adeolu
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Source:  OpenStax, Natuurwetenskappe graad 8. OpenStax CNX. Sep 12, 2009 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11049/1.1
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