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Natuurwetenskappe

Graad 5

Materiaal

Module 29

Eienskappe van materiale

Aktiwiteit:

Om die eienskappe van sekere materiale te ondersoek

[lu 1.1.3; 1.2; 1.3]

1. Polimere

‘n Mens kry natuurlike en mensgemaakte polimere. Proteïne, wat ‘n belangrike boustof in lewende organismes is, is ‘n voorbeeld van ‘n natuurlike polimeer. Sintetiese polimere is eers omtrent ‘n 100 jaar gelede ontdek. Toe was dit baie skaars en duur. Sintetiese polimere kan in twee groepe verdeel word, naamlik vesels en plastiek. Ons gaan hoofsaaklik kyk na plastiek.

Sintetiese Polimere: Plastiek

Plastiek kan helder of kleurvol wees en kan in enige fatsoen gevorm word.

Hoe word plastiek gemaak?

Olie kom diep onder die grond in sekere areas voor. Daar word diep in die grond af geboor om die olie na die oppervlak te bring. Hierdie olie is dik en swart en word ru-olie genoem.

Kyk na die onderstaande kaart en identifiseer die lande waar olie gevind word. Jy mag in ‘n groep werk.

Eksperiment:

Van olie tot plastiek

Kom ons doen ‘n eenvoudige eksperiment om te kyk deur watter proses ru-olie min of meer gaan in die vervaardiging van plastiek:

  • Verhit botter
  • Botter smelt
  • Botter verdeel in twee dele: een deel lig en wit, die ander deel swaar en geel

Wanneer ru-olie verhit word, gebeur min of meer dieselfde. Die ru-olie word na ‘n raffinadery geneem waar dit teen ‘n baie hoë temperatuur verhit word. Die olie verdeel in ligter en donkerder olie. Die ligte olie word gebruik om onder andere plastiek van te maak.

Gebruik van plastiek

Sekere plastiek is hard en word gebruik om tafels en stoele van te maak. Dit word ook toenemend gebruik om motoronderdele te vervaardig wat vroeër van staal gemaak is. Plastiek kan heelwat harder as staal wees.

Ander plastiek is sag en buigbaar. Hierdie plastiek word gebruik om goed soos inkopiesakkies, stortgordyne en reënjasse van te maak.

Plastiek word gebruik om houers vir die stoor van voedsel te maak. Baie produkte op die rakke in supermarkte word in plastiekhouers verpak.

Noem ‘n paar sulke produkte:

Watter rol speel plastiek in behuising?

In informele nedersettings vorm plastiek ook ‘n noodsaaklike deel in die oprigting van ‘n plakkershut. Het jy al waargeneem hoe plastiek benut word en waarom plastiek so ‘n belangrike rol speel? Sê hoe plastiek so ‘n huis teen die wisselende weersomstandighede kan beskerm.

Hoe word plastiek herwin en hoe word die plastiek weer in gebruik geneem? Soek inligting en gee skriftelike terugvoering:

Onthou: Plastiek kan en behoort herwin te word!

I nteressante feite:

Plastiek kan tien keer harder as staal wees en kan hoë temperature weerstaan.

Kredietkaarte word van plastiek gemaak; dit word in die plek van kontantgeld gebruik.

Chirurge gebruik plastiek om allerhande liggaamsdele te vervang, bv. hartkleppe, are, ens.

V oordele van plastiek:

Die gebruike van plastiek het baie werkgeleenthede vir mense in ons land geskep.

Die natuur kan nie genoeg katoen, wol, hout, ens. aan die mense verskaf nie. Dus moet ons van ander materiale soos plastiek gebruik maak.

N adele van plastiek:

Questions & Answers

how does Neisseria cause meningitis
Nyibol Reply
what is microbiologist
Muhammad Reply
what is errata
Muhammad
is the branch of biology that deals with the study of microorganisms.
Ntefuni Reply
What is microbiology
Mercy Reply
studies of microbes
Louisiaste
when we takee the specimen which lumbar,spin,
Ziyad Reply
How bacteria create energy to survive?
Muhamad Reply
Bacteria doesn't produce energy they are dependent upon their substrate in case of lack of nutrients they are able to make spores which helps them to sustain in harsh environments
_Adnan
But not all bacteria make spores, l mean Eukaryotic cells have Mitochondria which acts as powerhouse for them, since bacteria don't have it, what is the substitution for it?
Muhamad
they make spores
Louisiaste
what is sporadic nd endemic, epidemic
Aminu Reply
the significance of food webs for disease transmission
Abreham
food webs brings about an infection as an individual depends on number of diseased foods or carriers dully.
Mark
explain assimilatory nitrate reduction
Esinniobiwa Reply
Assimilatory nitrate reduction is a process that occurs in some microorganisms, such as bacteria and archaea, in which nitrate (NO3-) is reduced to nitrite (NO2-), and then further reduced to ammonia (NH3).
Elkana
This process is called assimilatory nitrate reduction because the nitrogen that is produced is incorporated in the cells of microorganisms where it can be used in the synthesis of amino acids and other nitrogen products
Elkana
Examples of thermophilic organisms
Shu Reply
Give Examples of thermophilic organisms
Shu
advantages of normal Flora to the host
Micheal Reply
Prevent foreign microbes to the host
Abubakar
they provide healthier benefits to their hosts
ayesha
They are friends to host only when Host immune system is strong and become enemies when the host immune system is weakened . very bad relationship!
Mark
what is cell
faisal Reply
cell is the smallest unit of life
Fauziya
cell is the smallest unit of life
Akanni
ok
Innocent
cell is the structural and functional unit of life
Hasan
is the fundamental units of Life
Musa
what are emergency diseases
Micheal Reply
There are nothing like emergency disease but there are some common medical emergency which can occur simultaneously like Bleeding,heart attack,Breathing difficulties,severe pain heart stock.Hope you will get my point .Have a nice day ❣️
_Adnan
define infection ,prevention and control
Innocent
I think infection prevention and control is the avoidance of all things we do that gives out break of infections and promotion of health practices that promote life
Lubega
Heyy Lubega hussein where are u from?
_Adnan
en français
Adama
which site have a normal flora
ESTHER Reply
Many sites of the body have it Skin Nasal cavity Oral cavity Gastro intestinal tract
Safaa
skin
Asiina
skin,Oral,Nasal,GIt
Sadik
How can Commensal can Bacteria change into pathogen?
Sadik
How can Commensal Bacteria change into pathogen?
Sadik
all
Tesfaye
by fussion
Asiina
what are the advantages of normal Flora to the host
Micheal
what are the ways of control and prevention of nosocomial infection in the hospital
Micheal
what is inflammation
Shelly Reply
part of a tissue or an organ being wounded or bruised.
Wilfred
what term is used to name and classify microorganisms?
Micheal Reply
Binomial nomenclature
adeolu
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Source:  OpenStax, Natuurwetenskappe graad 5. OpenStax CNX. Sep 23, 2009 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col10980/1.2
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