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Natuurwetenskappe

Graad 9

Die aarde, sterrestelsels en ruimteprogramme

Module 13

Die aarde en sy eienskappe

Die aarde het drie lae:

  • Binnekern – baie dig; ongelooflik warm!
  • Buitekern – in ’n gesmelte toestand
  • Mantel – gesmelte rots
  • Kors – soliede rots (baie dun)

Aktiwiteit 1:

Om die drie lae van die aarde aan te dui.

Teken die drie lae in die bygaande sirkel. Gebruik verskillende kleure om verskillende lae aan te dui.

Assessering van skets:

Het jy die lae korrek voorgestel?

[LU 2.3]

  • Die kern bestaan uit yster en nikkel, terwyl die kors uit suurstof en silikon bestaan.
  • In die sagte mantel is silikate, oksiede en sulfate.

Hoekom draai die aarde?

  • Die aarde draai omdat hy in die rigting van die son “val”. Dit is die son se swaartekrag wat die aarde om sy as laat draai.
  • Dit is soos ’n bal wat teen ’n heuwel afrol.
  • Die aarde draai elke 24 uur een maal om sy eie as.
  • Elke planeet in die sonnestelsel beweeg ook om die son op ’n pad wat ons sy wentelbaan (“orbit”) noem.
  • Die aarde neem 365¼ dae om een so ’n wentelbaan te voltooi. Dit word ook ’n revolusie genoem, of, in die algemene taal, ’n jaar (‘ aardjaar’ ).
  • Dit neem elke planeet ’n bepaalde aantal aardjare om een maal om die son te wentel.
  • Mars het byvoorbeeld ’n revolusietydperk van 1,9 aardjare.
  • Jupiter neem 11,9 aardjare en Pluto neem 247,7 aardjare.

Hoe groot is die aarde?

Verdeel in groepe vir die volgende aktiwiteit.

Aktiwiteit 2: om die grootte van die aarde te bespreek.

Gegewens oor die aarde:

Omtrek by pole
  • 40 008 km
Deursnit by pole
  • 12 714 km
Omtrek by ewenaar
  • 40 075 km
Deursnit by ewenaar
  • 12 714 km

1. Wat kan julle uit hierdie statistiek ten opsigte van die vorm van die aarde aflei? Wat sou die verklaring hiervoor wees?

2. Wie was Eratosthenes en wat het hy alreeds 2 000 jaar gelede oor die vorm van die aarde gesê? Bespreek in groepe en skryf die antwoorde neer. ( www.union.edu/PUBLIC/GEODEPT/hallocher/sciencelab/Labs/ ND2/LN2.htm)

Assessering van BESPREKING:

[LU 1.2; LU 1.3]

Waarom is lewe op aarde moontlik?

  • Dit is die enigste planeet waar daar ’n atmosfeer met suurstof in is en waar oppervlakwater voorkom. Lewe soos ons dit ken, benodig suurstof en water!
  • Die oseane beslaan sowat 70% van die aarde se oppervlak.
  • Die aarde se atmosfeer bestaan uit die volgende gasse:
  • suurstof (21%)
  • stikstof (78%)
  • argon (0,9%)
  • koolstofdioksied (0,03%)

Aktiwiteit 3: om die samestelling van die aarde se atmosfeer deur middel van ‘n sirkeldiagram aan te dui.

Dui die samestelling van die atmosfeer in persentasies met verskillende kleure in die sirkel aan.

Jy moet dit wiskundig uitwerk.

Assessering van sirkeldiagram:

Het jy die diagram korrek voorgestel?

[LU 2.4]

Assessering

LU 1

Wetenskaplike Ondersoek

Die leerder is in staat om met selfvertroue op weetgierigheid oor natuurlike verskynsels te reageer, en om binne die konteks van wetenskap, tegnologie en die omgewing verbande te ondersoek en probleme op te los.

Dit word bewys as die leerder:

1.1 ondersoeke beplan;

1.2 ondersoeke uitvoer en data versamel;

1.3 data evalueer en bevindinge kommunikeer.

LU 2

Konstruksie van Wetenskapkennis

Die leerder ken, interpreteer en pas wetenskaplike, tegnologiese en omgewings- kennis toe.

Dit word bewys as die leerder:

2.1 betekenisvolle inligting kan oproep;

2.2 inligting kan kategoriseer;

2.3 inligting kan interpreteer;

2.4 kennis kan toepas.

Memorandum

AKTIWITEIT 2: HOE GROOT IS DIE AARDE?

1. Die vorm is nie heeltemal rond nie. Dit is effe afgeplat by die pole omdat die aarde by die ewenaar vinniger draai.

2. ’n Griekse filosoof wat die eerste was om met ’n berekening te toon dat die aarde rond is.

AKTIWITEIT 3: SIRKELDIAGRAM

Die atmosfeer bestaan uit 21% suurstof, 78% stikstof en 0.03 % koolstofdioksied, asook 0.9 % argon

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Source:  OpenStax, Natuurwetenskappe graad 9. OpenStax CNX. Sep 15, 2009 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11068/1.1
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