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This photo depicts a large group of people sitting in a circle on the beach.
Many forms of therapy have been developed to treat a wide array of problems. These marines who served in Iraq and Afghanistan, together with community mental health volunteers, are part of the Ocean Therapy program at Camp Pendleton, a program in which learning to surf is combined with group discussions. The program helps vets recover, especially vets who suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

In this chapter, you will see that approaches to therapy include both psychological and biological interventions, all with the goal of alleviating distress. Because psychological problems can originate from various sources—biology, genetics, childhood experiences, conditioning, and sociocultural influences—psychologists have developed many different therapeutic techniques and approaches. For example, some psychologists believe that psychotherapy should involve a close personal relationship between therapist and client, while others believe their main responsibility is to help the patient change behavior. The Ocean Therapy program shown in [link] uses multiple approaches to support the mental health of veterans in the group.

References

Abbass, A., Kisely, S.,&Kroenke, K. (2006). Short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy for somatic disorders: Systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 78 , 265–274.

Ahmed, S., Wilson, K. B., Henriksen, R. C.,&Jones, J. W. (2011). What does it mean to be a culturally competent counselor? Journal for Social Action in Counseling and Psychology , 3(1), 17–28.

Alavi, A., Sharifi, B., Ghanizadeh, A.,&Dehbozorgi, G. (2013). Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy in decreasing suicidal ideation and hopelessness of the adolescents with previous suicidal attempts. Iranian Journal of Pediatrics, 23 (4), 467–472.

Alegría, M., Chatterji, P., Wells, K., Cao, Z., Chen, C. N., Takeuchi, D., . . . Meng, X. L. (2008). Disparity in depression treatment among racial and ethnic minority populations in the United States. Psychiatric Services, 59 (11), 1264–1272.

American Psychological Association. (2005). Policy statement on evidence-based practice in psychology . Retrieved from http://www.apapracticecentral.org/ce/courses/ebpstatement.pdf

American Psychological Association. (2014). Can psychologists prescribe medications for their patients? Retrieved from http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2004/05/louisiana-rx.aspx

American Psychological Association. (2014). Psychotherapy: Understanding group therapy . Retrieved from http://www.apa.org/helpcenter/group-therapy.aspx

Beck, A. T., Rush, A. J., Shaw, B. F.,&Emery, G. (1979). Cognitive therapy of depression . New York, NY: The Guilford Press.

Beck Institute for Cognitive Behavior Therapy. (n.d.). History of cognitive therapy . Retrieved from http://www.beckinstitute.org/history-of-cbt/

Beck, J. S. (2011). Cognitive behavior therapy: Basics and beyond (2nd ed.). New York, NY: The Guilford Press.

Belgrave, F.,&Allison, K. (2010). African-American psychology: From Africa to America (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

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Source:  OpenStax, Chapter 14: therapy and treatment sw. OpenStax CNX. Jun 08, 2015 Download for free at https://legacy.cnx.org/content/col11810/1.1
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