# 0.18 Game theory  (Page 2/4)

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## Finding the optimal strategy and the value for strictly determined games

1. Put an asterisk(*) next to the minimum entry in each row.
2. Put a box around the maximum entry in each column.
3. The entry that has both an asterisk and a box represents the value of the game and is called a saddle point .
4. The row that is associated with the saddle point represents the best strategy for the row player, and the column that is associated with the saddle point represents the best strategy for the column player.
5. A game matrix can have more than one saddle point, but all saddle points have the same value.
6. If no saddle point exists, the game is not strictly determined. Non-strictly determined games are the subject of [link] .

Find the saddle points and optimal strategies for the following game.

We find the saddle point by placing an asterisk next to the minimum entry in each row, and by putting a box around the maximum entry in each column as shown below.

Since the second row, first column entry, which happens to be 10, has both an asterisk and a box, it is a saddle point. This implies that the value of the game is 10, and the optimal strategy for the row player is to always play row 2, and the optimal strategy for the column player is to always play column 1. If both players play their optimal strategies, the row player will win 10 units each time.

The row player's strategy is written as $\left[\begin{array}{cc}0& 1\end{array}\right]$ indicating that he will play row 1 with a probability of 0 and row 2 with a probability of 1. Similarly the column player's strategy is written as $\left[\begin{array}{c}1\\ 0\end{array}\right]$ implying that he will play column 1 with a probability of 1, and column 2 with a probability of 0.

## Non-strictly determined games

In this section, we study games that have no saddle points. Which means that these games do not possess a pure strategy. We call these games non-strictly determined games . If the game is played only once, it will make no difference what move is made. However, if the game is played repeatedly, a mixed strategy consisting of alternating random moves can be worked out.

We consider the following example.

Suppose Robert and Carol decide to play a game using a dime and a quarter. At a given signal, they simultaneously show one of the two coins. If the coins match, Robert gets both coins, but if they don't match, Carol gets both coins. Determine whether the game is strictly determined.

We write the payoff matrix for Robert as follows:

To determine whether the game is strictly determined, we look for a saddle point. Again, we place an asterisk next to the minimum value in each row, and a box around the maximum value in each column. We get

Since there is no entry that has both an asterisk and a box, the game does not have a saddle point, and thus it is non-strictly determined.

We wish to devise a strategy for Robert. If Robert consistently shows a dime, for example, Carol will see the pattern and will start showing a quarter, and Robert will lose. Conversely, if Carol repeatedly shows a quarter, Robert will start showing a quarter, thus resulting in Carol's loss. So a good strategy is to throw your opponent off by showing a dime some of the times and showing a quarter other times. Before we develop an optimal strategy for each player, we will consider an arbitrary strategy for each and determine the corresponding payoffs.

Introduction about quantum dots in nanotechnology
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Bharti
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absolutely yes
Daniel
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it is a goid question and i want to know the answer as well
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Abigail
for teaching engĺish at school how nano technology help us
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Do somebody tell me a best nano engineering book for beginners?
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NANO
what is fullerene does it is used to make bukky balls
are you nano engineer ?
s.
fullerene is a bucky ball aka Carbon 60 molecule. It was name by the architect Fuller. He design the geodesic dome. it resembles a soccer ball.
Tarell
what is the actual application of fullerenes nowadays?
Damian
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Tarell
what is the Synthesis, properties,and applications of carbon nano chemistry
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Do you know which machine is used to that process?
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or in general
Ebrahim
in general
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Graphene has a hexagonal structure
tahir
On having this app for quite a bit time, Haven't realised there's a chat room in it.
Cied
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China
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I start with an easy one. carbon nanotubes woven into a long filament like a string
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many many of nanotubes
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what is the function of carbon nanotubes?
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I'm interested in nanotube
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what is nanomaterials​ and their applications of sensors.
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At De Anza College, 20% of the students take Finite Mathematics, 30% take Statistics and 10% take both. What percentage of the students take Finite Mathematics or Statistics?