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Nhận thấy rằng sự khai triển tương quan vào ra ở đây cũng tương tự như hệ đơn biến. Nhưng ở đây không thể nói về tỉ số C(s)/ R(s), vì chúng đều là các ma trận. Tuy nhiên, vẫn có thể định nghĩa ma trận chuyển vòng kín như sau:

M(s) = [ I + G(s). H(s)]-1. G(s) (2.37)

Phương trình (2.36) được viết lại :

C(s) = M(s). R(s) (2.38)

Thí dụ 2.1: Xem ma trận hàm chuyển đường trực tiếp và ma trận hàm chuyển hồi tiếp của hệ H.2_6 là :

G ( s ) = 1 s + 1 1 s 2 1 s + 2 size 12{G \( s \) = left [ matrix { { {1} over {s+1} } {} # - { {1} over {s} } {} ##2 {} # { {1} over {s+2} } {} } right ]} {} (2.39)

H ( s ) = 1 0 0 1 size 12{H \( s \) = left [ matrix { 1 {} # 0 {} ##0 {} # 1{} } right ]} {}

(2.40)

Ma trâïn hàm chuyển vòng kín được cho bởi phương trình (2.37) và được tính như sau:

I + G ( s ) H ( s ) = 1 + 1 s + 1 1 s 2 1 + 1 s + 2 size 12{I+G \( s \) H \( s \) = left [ matrix { 1+ { {1} over {s+1} } {} # - { {1} over {s} } {} ##2 {} # 1+ { {1} over {s+2} } {} } right ]} {}

(2.44)

(2.41) = s + 2 s + 1 1 s 2 s + 3 s + 2 size 12{ {}= left [ matrix { { {s+2} over {s+1} } {} # - { {1} over {s} } {} ##2 {} # { {s+3} over {s+2} } {} } right ]} {}

M ( s ) = I + G ( s ) H ( s ) 1 G ( s ) = 1 Δ s + 3 s + 2 1 s 2 s + 2 s + 1 1 s + 1 1 s 2 1 s + 2 size 12{M \( s \) = left [I+G \( s \) H \( s \) right ] rSup { size 8{ - 1} } G \( s \) = { {1} over {Δ} } left [ matrix {{ {s+3} over {s+2} } {} # { {1} over {s} } {} ## - 2 {} # { {s+2} over {s+1} } {}} right ] left [ matrix {{ {1} over {s+1} } {} # - { {1} over {s} } {} ## 2 {} # { {1} over {s+2} } {}} right ]} {}

(2.42)

Trong đó:

(2.43) Δ = s + 2 s + 1 s + 3 s + 2 + 2 s = s 2 + 5s + 2 s ( s + 1 ) size 12{Δ= { {s+2} over {s+1} } { {s+3} over {s+2} } + { {2} over {s} } = { {s rSup { size 8{2} } +5s+2} over {s \( s+1 \) } } } {}

Vậy:

M ( s ) = s ( s + 1 ) s 2 + 5s + 2 3s 2 + 9s + 4 s ( s + 1 ) ( s + 2 ) 1 s 2 3s + 2 s ( s + 1 ) size 12{M \( s \) = { {s \( s+1 \) } over {s rSup { size 8{2} } +5s+2} } left [ matrix { { {3s rSup { size 8{2} } +9s+4} over {s \( s+1 \) \( s+2 \) } } {} # - { {1} over {s} } {} ##2 {} # { {3s+2} over {s \( s+1 \) } } {} } right ]} {}

(2.43)

Những định lý biến đổi sơ đồ khối.

a. Các khối nối tiếp.

Một số hữu hạn bất kỳ các khối nối tiếp có thể kết hợp bởi một phép nhân đại số.

Đó là, n khối với hàm chuyển tương ứng G1,G2,…..Gn mắc nối tiếp thì tương đương một khối duy nhất có hàm chuyển là G cho bởi:

(2.44) G = G 1 . G 2 . G 3 . . . G n = i = 1 n G i size 12{G=G rSub { size 8{1} } "." G rSub { size 8{2} } "." G rSub { size 8{3} } "." "." "." G rSub { size 8{n} } = Prod cSub { size 8{i=1} } cSup { size 8{n} } {G rSub { size 8{i} } } } {}

Thí dụ 2.2:

Phép nhân của hàm chuyển thì giao hoán :

Gi.Gj=Gj.Gi (2.45)

Với mọi i,j.

b. Các khối song song:

n khối với hàm chuyển tương ứng G1,G2,…,Gn mắc song song thì tương đương một khối duy nhất có hàm chuyển G cho bởi:

G = i = 1 n G i size 12{ size 13{G= Sum cSub { size 8{i=1} } cSup { size 8{n} } { size 13{G rSub { size 8{i} } }} }} {}

c. Bảng biến đổûi sơ đồ khối .

Sơ đồ khối của hệ điều khiển phức tạp có thể đơn giản hóa bằng cách dùng các biến đổi.

Trong bảng sau đây, chữ P được dùng để chỉ một hàm chuyển bất kỳ và W, X, Y, Z để chỉ những tín hiệu trong phạm vi tần số s.

Stt Phương trình Sơ đồ khối Sơ đồ khối tương đương
1 Y = (P1P2) X ***SORRY, THIS MEDIA TYPE IS NOT SUPPORTED.*** ***SORRY, THIS MEDIA TYPE IS NOT SUPPORTED.***
2 Y=P1X  P2X3) Y=P1X P2X ***SORRY, THIS MEDIA TYPE IS NOT SUPPORTED.*** ***SORRY, THIS MEDIA TYPE IS NOT SUPPORTED.******SORRY, THIS MEDIA TYPE IS NOT SUPPORTED.***
4) Y = P1(XP2Y)5 Y=P1(X size 12{ -+ {}} {} P2Y) ***SORRY, THIS MEDIA TYPE IS NOT SUPPORTED.*** ***SORRY, THIS MEDIA TYPE IS NOT SUPPORTED.******SORRY, THIS MEDIA TYPE IS NOT SUPPORTED.***
66a Z = W  X Y ***SORRY, THIS MEDIA TYPE IS NOT SUPPORTED.*** ***SORRY, THIS MEDIA TYPE IS NOT SUPPORTED.***
6b Z = W  X  Y ***SORRY, THIS MEDIA TYPE IS NOT SUPPORTED.*** ***SORRY, THIS MEDIA TYPE IS NOT SUPPORTED.***
77 Z = PX  Y ***SORRY, THIS MEDIA TYPE IS NOT SUPPORTED.*** ***SORRY, THIS MEDIA TYPE IS NOT SUPPORTED.***
8 Z = P[ X  Y ] ***SORRY, THIS MEDIA TYPE IS NOT SUPPORTED.*** ***SORRY, THIS MEDIA TYPE IS NOT SUPPORTED.***
9 Y = PX ***SORRY, THIS MEDIA TYPE IS NOT SUPPORTED.*** ***SORRY, THIS MEDIA TYPE IS NOT SUPPORTED.***
10 Y=PX ***SORRY, THIS MEDIA TYPE IS NOT SUPPORTED.*** ***SORRY, THIS MEDIA TYPE IS NOT SUPPORTED.***
11 Z=XY ***SORRY, THIS MEDIA TYPE IS NOT SUPPORTED.*** ***SORRY, THIS MEDIA TYPE IS NOT SUPPORTED.***
12 Z=XY ***SORRY, THIS MEDIA TYPE IS NOT SUPPORTED.*** ***SORRY, THIS MEDIA TYPE IS NOT SUPPORTED.***

Thu gọn các sơ đồ khối phức tạp.

Sơ đồ khối của các hệ tự điều khiển thực tế thì thường rất phức tạp. Để có thể đưa về dạng chính tắc, cần thu gọn chúng lại. Kỹ thuật thu gọn, có thể theo các bước sau đây :

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Source:  OpenStax, Cơ sở tự động học. OpenStax CNX. Jul 29, 2009 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col10756/1.1
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