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Inleiding

Meetkunde (Grieks: geo = aarde, metria = meet) het ontstaan as die veld van kennis wat ruimtelike verhoudings hanteer. Dit was een van die twee velde van pre-moderne wiskunde. Die ander veld was die studie van getalle. In die moderne tyd het meetkundige begrippe baie kompleks en abstrak geraak en is dit skaars herkenbaar as ʼn uitvloeisel van vroeë meetkunde.

Werk in pare of groepe en bestudeer die geskiedenis van die onstaan van meetkunde. Beskryf die verskillende stadiums van ontwikkeling en hoe meetkunde later gebruik is deur mense om hul lewens te verbeter. Die lys van stadiums moet dien as ʼn riglyn en hoef slegs die minimum vereistes te beskryf.

  1. Antieke Indiese meetkunde (ong. 3000 - 500 V.C.)
    1. Harappanse meetkunde
    2. Vediese meetkunde
  2. Klassieke Griekse meetkunde (ong. 600 - 300 V.C.)
    1. Thales en Pythagoras
    2. Plato
  3. Hellenistiese meetkunde (ong. 300 V.C - 500 N.C )
    1. Euclides
    2. Archimedes

Vierhoeke

In hierdie afdeling sal ons kyk na die eienskappe van sekere spesiale vierhoeke. Ons sal dan hierdie eienskappe gebruik om meetkundige probleme op te los. Dit is belangrik om daarop te let dat alhoewel al die eienskappe van ʼn figuur gegee word, benodig ons net sekere unieke eienskappe van die vierhoek om te bewys dat dit wel daardie spesifieke vierhoek is. Byvoorbeeld, as ons ʼn vierhoek het met twee pare parallellesye, dan is daardie vierhoek ʼn parallelogram. Ons kan dan die ander eienskappe van die vierhoek aflei deur ons kennis van parallellelyne en driehoeke te gebruik.

Trapesium

ʼn Trapesium is ʼn vierhoek waarvan ten minste een paar teenoorgestelde sye parallel loop. Dit word soms ook ʼn trapesoïed genoem. ʼn Spesiale tipe trapesium is die gelykbenige trapesium , waar een paar teenoorstaande sye parallel is en die ander paar ewe lank is. Die hoeke aan die eindpunte van elke parallelle sy is ewe groot. ʼn Gelykbenige trapesium het een lyn van simmetrie en sy hoeklyne is ewe lank.

Voorbeelde van trapesiums

Parallelogram

ʼn Trapesium met beide pare teenoorstaande sye parallel, word ʼn parallelogram genoem. ʼn Opsomming van die eienskappe van ʼn parallelogram is:

  • Beide pare teenoorstaande sye is parallel.
  • Beide pare teenoorstaande sye is ewe lank.
  • Beide pare teenoorstaande hoeke is ewe groot.
  • Beide hoeklyne/diagonale halveer mekaar (d.w.s. hulle sny mekaar in die helfte)
ʼn Voorbeeld van ʼn parallelogram

Reghoek

ʼn Reghoek is ʼn parallelogram met al vier hoeke ewe groot en gelyk aan 90 . ʼn Opsomming van die eienskappe van ʼn reghoek is:

  • Beide pare teenoorstaande sye is parallel.
  • Beide pare teenoorstaande sye is ewe lank.
  • Die hoeklyne halveer mekaar.
  • Die hoeklyne is ewe lank.
  • Alle hoekpunte is regte hoeke.
Voorbeeld van ʼn reghoek

Rombus / ruit

ʼn Rombus (ruit) is ʼn parallelogram waarvan al vier sye ewe lank is. ʼn Opsomming van die eienskappe van ʼn rombus is:

  • Beide pare teenoorstaande sye is parallel.
  • Al vier sye is ewe lank.
  • Beide pare teenoorstaande hoeke is ewe groot.
  • Die diagonale halveer mekaar met hoeke van 90 .
  • Diagonale halveer die teenoorstaande hoeke.
ʼn Voorbeeld van ʼn ruit, ʼn parallelogram met al vier sye ewe lank

Questions & Answers

how does Neisseria cause meningitis
Nyibol Reply
what is microbiologist
Muhammad Reply
what is errata
Muhammad
is the branch of biology that deals with the study of microorganisms.
Ntefuni Reply
What is microbiology
Mercy Reply
studies of microbes
Louisiaste
when we takee the specimen which lumbar,spin,
Ziyad Reply
How bacteria create energy to survive?
Muhamad Reply
Bacteria doesn't produce energy they are dependent upon their substrate in case of lack of nutrients they are able to make spores which helps them to sustain in harsh environments
_Adnan
But not all bacteria make spores, l mean Eukaryotic cells have Mitochondria which acts as powerhouse for them, since bacteria don't have it, what is the substitution for it?
Muhamad
they make spores
Louisiaste
what is sporadic nd endemic, epidemic
Aminu Reply
the significance of food webs for disease transmission
Abreham
food webs brings about an infection as an individual depends on number of diseased foods or carriers dully.
Mark
explain assimilatory nitrate reduction
Esinniobiwa Reply
Assimilatory nitrate reduction is a process that occurs in some microorganisms, such as bacteria and archaea, in which nitrate (NO3-) is reduced to nitrite (NO2-), and then further reduced to ammonia (NH3).
Elkana
This process is called assimilatory nitrate reduction because the nitrogen that is produced is incorporated in the cells of microorganisms where it can be used in the synthesis of amino acids and other nitrogen products
Elkana
Examples of thermophilic organisms
Shu Reply
Give Examples of thermophilic organisms
Shu
advantages of normal Flora to the host
Micheal Reply
Prevent foreign microbes to the host
Abubakar
they provide healthier benefits to their hosts
ayesha
They are friends to host only when Host immune system is strong and become enemies when the host immune system is weakened . very bad relationship!
Mark
what is cell
faisal Reply
cell is the smallest unit of life
Fauziya
cell is the smallest unit of life
Akanni
ok
Innocent
cell is the structural and functional unit of life
Hasan
is the fundamental units of Life
Musa
what are emergency diseases
Micheal Reply
There are nothing like emergency disease but there are some common medical emergency which can occur simultaneously like Bleeding,heart attack,Breathing difficulties,severe pain heart stock.Hope you will get my point .Have a nice day ❣️
_Adnan
define infection ,prevention and control
Innocent
I think infection prevention and control is the avoidance of all things we do that gives out break of infections and promotion of health practices that promote life
Lubega
Heyy Lubega hussein where are u from?
_Adnan
en français
Adama
which site have a normal flora
ESTHER Reply
Many sites of the body have it Skin Nasal cavity Oral cavity Gastro intestinal tract
Safaa
skin
Asiina
skin,Oral,Nasal,GIt
Sadik
How can Commensal can Bacteria change into pathogen?
Sadik
How can Commensal Bacteria change into pathogen?
Sadik
all
Tesfaye
by fussion
Asiina
what are the advantages of normal Flora to the host
Micheal
what are the ways of control and prevention of nosocomial infection in the hospital
Micheal
what is inflammation
Shelly Reply
part of a tissue or an organ being wounded or bruised.
Wilfred
what term is used to name and classify microorganisms?
Micheal Reply
Binomial nomenclature
adeolu
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Source:  OpenStax, Siyavula textbooks: wiskunde (graad 10) [caps]. OpenStax CNX. Aug 04, 2011 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11328/1.4
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