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Inleiding

Die doel van hierdie hoofstuk is om van die meetkundige en trigonometriese beginsels, wat jy in die verlede teëgekom het, te hersien. Jy moet gemaklik wees met die werk wat behandel word in dié hoofstuk voor jy die Graad 10 Meetkunde Hoofstuk of die Graad 10 Trigonometrie Hoofstuk aanpak. Die hoofstuk hersien die volgende:

  1. Terminologie: vierhoeke, hoekpunte, sye, hoeke, parallele lyne, loodregte lyne, hoeklyne, halveerlyne en snylyne
  2. Ooreenstemmings en verskille tussen driehoeke en vierhoeke
  3. Eienskappe van driehoeke en vierhoeke
  4. Kongruensie
  5. Onderskeid tussen skerphoeke, regte hoeke, stomphoeke, reguitlyne en 'n volle omwenteling
  6. Pythagoras se Teorie, wat gebruik word om die sye van reghoekige driehoeke se lengtes te bereken

Punte en lyne

Die twee eenvoudigste elemente in meetkunde is punte en lyne .

ʼn Punt is ʼn koördinaat wat ʼn posisie in ruimte aandui (óf op ʼn getallelyn, óf in ʼn vlak óf in ʼn drie- of meerdimensionele ruimte) en word voorgestel deur ʼn dot. Punte word gewoonlik aangedui met ʼn hoofletter. ʼn Paar voorbeelde van hoe punte aangedui word, kan gesien word in [link] .

ʼn Lyn is ʼn stel kontinue koördinate in ʼn ruimte en kan gesien word as baie punte wat langs mekaar is. Lyne kan reguit of geboë wees, maar is altyd kontinu en dus is daar geen onderbrekings in lyne nie. Die eindpunte van lynstukke word met hoofletters aangedui. Voorbeelde van twee lyne word in [link] aangetoon.

Voorbeelde van ʼn paar punte (aangedui deur P , Q , R en S ) en ʼn paar lyne (aangedui deur B C en D E )

ʼn Lyn word aangedui deur ʼn beginpunt en ʼn eindpunt. Ons noem ʼn lyn wat begin by punt A en eindig by punt B , A B . Aangsien die lyn van punt B tot punt A dieselfde is as as die lyn van punt A tot die punt B , kan ons sê dat A B = B A .

Die lengte tussen die punte A en B is A B . Dus as ons sê A B = C D word dit bedoel dat die lengte van die lynstuk tussen A en B gelyk is aan die lengte tussen C en D .

ʼn Lyn word gemeet in eenhede van lengte . ʼn Paar voorbeelde van algemene eenhede van lengte word gelys in [link] .

’n Paar algemene eenhede van lengte en hul afkortings
Eenheid van lengte Afkorting
kilometer km
meter m
sentimeter cm
millimeter mm

Hoeke

ʼn Hoek word gevorm as twee lyne in ʼn gemeenskaplike punt ontmoet. Die punt waar twee lyne ontmoet staan bekend as die hoekpunt . Hoeke word aangedui deur ʼn ^ (kappie) bo 'n letter te plaas. Byvoorbeeld, in [link] is daar 'n hoek by B ^ . Hoeke kan ook aangedui word met behulp van die lyn segmente waaruit die hoek bestaan. Byvoorbeeld, in [link] word die hoek gevorm waar die lynsegmente C B en B A mekaar ontmoet. Die hoek kan dus aangedui word deur C B A of A B C . Die simbool dui 'n hoek in meetkunde aan.

Hoeke word gemeet in grade wat aangedui word deur die simbool (byvoorbeeld, 60 ).

Hoeke kan ook gemeet word in radiale. In die hoërskool sal ons slegs grade gebruik, maar in wiskunde op universiteitsvlak sal jy definitief weer radiale teëkom.

Hoek aangedui deur B ^ , C B A of A B C
Voorbeelde van hoeke. A ^ = E ^ , al is die lyne wat die verskillende hoeke vorm van verskillende lengtes

Meting van hoeke

Die grootte van ʼn hoek is onafhanklik van die lengtes van die twee sye wat die hoek onderspan. Dit hang slegs af van hoe die twee lyne relatief tot mekaar geplaas word, soos aangedui in [link] . ʼn Hoek vorm wanneer daar geroteer word om ʼn hoekpunt.

Questions & Answers

how does Neisseria cause meningitis
Nyibol Reply
what is microbiologist
Muhammad Reply
what is errata
Muhammad
is the branch of biology that deals with the study of microorganisms.
Ntefuni Reply
What is microbiology
Mercy Reply
studies of microbes
Louisiaste
when we takee the specimen which lumbar,spin,
Ziyad Reply
How bacteria create energy to survive?
Muhamad Reply
Bacteria doesn't produce energy they are dependent upon their substrate in case of lack of nutrients they are able to make spores which helps them to sustain in harsh environments
_Adnan
But not all bacteria make spores, l mean Eukaryotic cells have Mitochondria which acts as powerhouse for them, since bacteria don't have it, what is the substitution for it?
Muhamad
they make spores
Louisiaste
what is sporadic nd endemic, epidemic
Aminu Reply
the significance of food webs for disease transmission
Abreham
food webs brings about an infection as an individual depends on number of diseased foods or carriers dully.
Mark
explain assimilatory nitrate reduction
Esinniobiwa Reply
Assimilatory nitrate reduction is a process that occurs in some microorganisms, such as bacteria and archaea, in which nitrate (NO3-) is reduced to nitrite (NO2-), and then further reduced to ammonia (NH3).
Elkana
This process is called assimilatory nitrate reduction because the nitrogen that is produced is incorporated in the cells of microorganisms where it can be used in the synthesis of amino acids and other nitrogen products
Elkana
Examples of thermophilic organisms
Shu Reply
Give Examples of thermophilic organisms
Shu
advantages of normal Flora to the host
Micheal Reply
Prevent foreign microbes to the host
Abubakar
they provide healthier benefits to their hosts
ayesha
They are friends to host only when Host immune system is strong and become enemies when the host immune system is weakened . very bad relationship!
Mark
what is cell
faisal Reply
cell is the smallest unit of life
Fauziya
cell is the smallest unit of life
Akanni
ok
Innocent
cell is the structural and functional unit of life
Hasan
is the fundamental units of Life
Musa
what are emergency diseases
Micheal Reply
There are nothing like emergency disease but there are some common medical emergency which can occur simultaneously like Bleeding,heart attack,Breathing difficulties,severe pain heart stock.Hope you will get my point .Have a nice day ❣️
_Adnan
define infection ,prevention and control
Innocent
I think infection prevention and control is the avoidance of all things we do that gives out break of infections and promotion of health practices that promote life
Lubega
Heyy Lubega hussein where are u from?
_Adnan
en français
Adama
which site have a normal flora
ESTHER Reply
Many sites of the body have it Skin Nasal cavity Oral cavity Gastro intestinal tract
Safaa
skin
Asiina
skin,Oral,Nasal,GIt
Sadik
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Sadik
How can Commensal Bacteria change into pathogen?
Sadik
all
Tesfaye
by fussion
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what are the advantages of normal Flora to the host
Micheal
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what is inflammation
Shelly Reply
part of a tissue or an organ being wounded or bruised.
Wilfred
what term is used to name and classify microorganisms?
Micheal Reply
Binomial nomenclature
adeolu
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Source:  OpenStax, Siyavula textbooks: wiskunde (graad 10) [caps]. OpenStax CNX. Aug 04, 2011 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11328/1.4
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