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For the following exercises, convert the polar equation of a conic section to a rectangular equation.

r = 4 1 + 3   sin   θ

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r = 2 5 3   sin   θ

25 x 2 + 16 y 2 12 y 4 = 0

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r = 8 3 2   cos   θ

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r = 3 2 + 5   cos   θ

21 x 2 4 y 2 30 x + 9 = 0

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r = 4 2 + 2   sin   θ

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r = 3 8 8   cos   θ

64 y 2 = 48 x + 9

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r = 2 6 + 7   cos   θ

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r = 5 5 11   sin   θ

96 y 2 25 x 2 + 110 y + 25 = 0

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r ( 5 + 2   cos   θ ) = 6

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r ( 2 cos   θ ) = 1

3 x 2 + 4 y 2 2 x 1 = 0

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r ( 2.5 2.5   sin   θ ) = 5

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r = 6 sec   θ 2 + 3   sec   θ

5 x 2 + 9 y 2 24 x 36 = 0

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r = 6 csc   θ 3 + 2   csc   θ

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For the following exercises, graph the given conic section. If it is a parabola, label the vertex, focus, and directrix. If it is an ellipse, label the vertices and foci. If it is a hyperbola, label the vertices and foci.

r = 2 3 + 3   sin   θ

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r = 10 5 4   sin   θ

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r = 3 1 + 2   cos   θ

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r = 8 4 5   cos   θ

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r = 3 4 4   cos   θ

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r = 6 3 + 2   sin   θ

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r ( 3 4 sin   θ ) = 9

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r ( 3 2 sin   θ ) = 6

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r ( 6 4 cos   θ ) = 5

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For the following exercises, find the polar equation of the conic with focus at the origin and the given eccentricity and directrix.

Directrix: x = 4 ; e = 1 5

r = 4 5 + cos θ

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Directrix: x = 4 ; e = 5

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Directrix: y = 2 ; e = 2

r = 4 1 + 2 sin θ

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Directrix: y = 2 ; e = 1 2

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Directrix: x = 1 ; e = 1

r = 1 1 + cos θ

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Directrix: x = 1 ; e = 1

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Directrix: x = 1 4 ; e = 7 2

r = 7 8 28 cos θ

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Directrix: y = 2 5 ; e = 7 2

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Directrix: y = 4 ; e = 3 2

r = 12 2 + 3 sin θ

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Directrix: x = −2 ; e = 8 3

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Directrix: x = −5 ; e = 3 4

r = 15 4 3 cos θ

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Directrix: y = 2 ; e = 2.5

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Directrix: x = −3 ; e = 1 3

r = 3 3 3 cos θ

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Extensions

Recall from Rotation of Axes that equations of conics with an x y term have rotated graphs. For the following exercises, express each equation in polar form with r as a function of θ .

x 2 + x y + y 2 = 4

r = ± 2 1 + sin θ cos θ

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2 x 2 + 4 x y + 2 y 2 = 9

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16 x 2 + 24 x y + 9 y 2 = 4

r = ± 2 4 cos θ + 3 sin θ

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Chapter review exercises

The Ellipse

For the following exercises, write the equation of the ellipse in standard form. Then identify the center, vertices, and foci.

x 2 25 + y 2 64 = 1

x 2 5 2 + y 2 8 2 = 1 ; center: ( 0 , 0 ) ; vertices: ( 5 , 0 ) , ( −5 , 0 ) , ( 0 , 8 ) , ( 0 , 8 ) ; foci: ( 0 , 39 ) , ( 0 , 39 )

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( x 2 ) 2 100 + ( y + 3 ) 2 36 = 1

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9 x 2 + y 2 + 54 x 4 y + 76 = 0

( x + 3 ) 2 1 2 + ( y 2 ) 2 3 2 = 1 ( 3 , 2 ) ; ( 2 , 2 ) , ( 4 , 2 ) , ( 3 , 5 ) , ( 3 , 1 ) ; ( 3 , 2 + 2 2 ) , ( 3 , 2 2 2 )

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9 x 2 + 36 y 2 36 x + 72 y + 36 = 0

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For the following exercises, graph the ellipse, noting center, vertices, and foci.

x 2 36 + y 2 9 = 1

center: ( 0 , 0 ) ; vertices: ( 6 , 0 ) , ( −6 , 0 ) , ( 0 , 3 ) , ( 0 , −3 ) ; foci: ( 3 3 , 0 ) , ( 3 3 , 0 )

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( x 4 ) 2 25 + ( y + 3 ) 2 49 = 1

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4 x 2 + y 2 + 16 x + 4 y 44 = 0

center: ( −2 , −2 ) ; vertices: ( 2 , −2 ) , ( −6 , −2 ) , ( −2 , 6 ) , ( −2 , −10 ) ; foci: ( −2 , −2 + 4 3 , ) , ( −2 , −2 −4 3 )

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2 x 2 + 3 y 2 20 x + 12 y + 38 = 0

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For the following exercises, use the given information to find the equation for the ellipse.

Center at ( 0 , 0 ) , focus at ( 3 , 0 ) , vertex at ( −5 , 0 )

x 2 25 + y 2 16 = 1

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Center at ( 2 , −2 ) , vertex at ( 7 , −2 ) , focus at ( 4 , −2 )

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A whispering gallery is to be constructed such that the foci are located 35 feet from the center. If the length of the gallery is to be 100 feet, what should the height of the ceiling be?

Approximately 35.71 feet

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The Hyperbola

For the following exercises, write the equation of the hyperbola in standard form. Then give the center, vertices, and foci.

( y + 1 ) 2 16 ( x 4 ) 2 36 = 1

( y + 1 ) 2 4 2 ( x 4 ) 2 6 2 = 1 ; center: ( 4 , −1 ) ; vertices: ( 4 , 3 ) , ( 4 , −5 ) ; foci: ( 4 , −1 + 2 13 ) , ( 4 , −1 2 13 )

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9 y 2 4 x 2 + 54 y 16 x + 29 = 0

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3 x 2 y 2 12 x 6 y 9 = 0

( x 2 ) 2 2 2 ( y + 3 ) 2 ( 2 3 ) 2 = 1 ; center: ( 2 , −3 ) ; vertices: ( 4 , −3 ) , ( 0 , −3 ) ; foci: ( 6 , −3 ) , ( −2 , −3 )

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For the following exercises, graph the hyperbola, labeling vertices and foci.

Questions & Answers

calculate molarity of NaOH solution when 25.0ml of NaOH titrated with 27.2ml of 0.2m H2SO4
Gasin Reply
what's Thermochemistry
rhoda Reply
the study of the heat energy which is associated with chemical reactions
Kaddija
How was CH4 and o2 was able to produce (Co2)and (H2o
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explain please
Victory
First twenty elements with their valences
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what is the best way to define periodic table for jamb
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what is atomic radius
ThankGod Reply
Read Chapter 6, section 5
Dr
Read Chapter 6, section 5
Kareem
Atomic radius is the radius of the atom and is also called the orbital radius
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atomic radius is the distance between the nucleus of an atom and its valence shell
Amos
Read Chapter 6, section 5
paulino
Bohr's model of the theory atom
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is there a question?
Dr
when a gas is compressed why it becomes hot?
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It has no oxygen then
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read the chapter on thermochemistry...the sections on "PV" work and the First Law of Thermodynamics should help..
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Which element react with water
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an increase in the pressure of a gas results in the decrease of its
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definition of the periodic table
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Source:  OpenStax, Algebra and trigonometry. OpenStax CNX. Nov 14, 2016 Download for free at https://legacy.cnx.org/content/col11758/1.6
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