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x f(x)
1 409.4
2 260.7
3 170.4
4 110.6
5 74
6 44.7
7 32.4
8 19.5
9 12.7
10 8.1
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x f(x)
0.15 36.21
0.25 28.88
0.5 24.39
0.75 18.28
1 16.5
1.5 12.99
2 9.91
2.25 8.57
2.75 7.23
3 5.99
3.5 4.81

logarithmic; y = 16.68718 9.71860 ln ( x )

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x f(x)
0 9
2 22.6
4 44.2
5 62.1
7 96.9
8 113.4
10 133.4
11 137.6
15 148.4
17 149.3
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Practice test

The population of a pod of bottlenose dolphins is modeled by the function A ( t ) = 8 ( 1.17 ) t , where t is given in years. To the nearest whole number, what will the pod population be after 3 years?

About 13 dolphins.

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Find an exponential equation that passes through the points (0, 4) and (2, 9) .

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Drew wants to save $2,500 to go to the next World Cup. To the nearest dollar, how much will he need to invest in an account now with 6.25 % APR, compounding daily, in order to reach his goal in 4 years?

$ 1,947

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An investment account was opened with an initial deposit of $9,600 and earns 7.4 % interest, compounded continuously. How much will the account be worth after 15 years?

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Graph the function f ( x ) = 5 ( 0.5 ) x and its reflection across the y -axis on the same axes, and give the y -intercept.

y -intercept: ( 0 ,  5 )

Graph of f(-x)=5(0.5)^-x in blue and f(x)=5(0.5)^x in orange.
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The graph shows transformations of the graph of f ( x ) = ( 1 2 ) x . What is the equation for the transformation?

Graph of f(x)= (1/2)^x.
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Rewrite log 8.5 ( 614.125 ) = a as an equivalent exponential equation.

8.5 a = 614.125

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Rewrite e 1 2 = m as an equivalent logarithmic equation.

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Solve for x by converting the logarithmic equation l o g 1 7 ( x ) = 2 to exponential form.

x = ( 1 7 ) 2 = 1 49

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Evaluate log ( 10,000,000 ) without using a calculator.

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Evaluate ln ( 0.716 ) using a calculator. Round to the nearest thousandth.

ln ( 0.716 ) 0.334

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Graph the function g ( x ) = log ( 12 6 x ) + 3.

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State the domain, vertical asymptote, and end behavior of the function f ( x ) = log 5 ( 39 13 x ) + 7.

Domain: x < 3 ; Vertical asymptote: x = 3 ; End behavior: x 3 , f ( x ) and x , f ( x )

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Rewrite log ( 17 a 2 b ) as a sum.

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Rewrite log t ( 96 ) log t ( 8 ) in compact form.

log t ( 12 )

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Rewrite log 8 ( a 1 b ) as a product.

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Use properties of logarithm to expand ln ( y 3 z 2 x 4 3 ) .

3 ln ( y ) + 2 ln ( z ) + ln ( x 4 ) 3

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Condense the expression 4 ln ( c ) + ln ( d ) + ln ( a ) 3 + ln ( b + 3 ) 3 to a single logarithm.

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Rewrite 16 3 x 5 = 1000 as a logarithm. Then apply the change of base formula to solve for x using the natural log. Round to the nearest thousandth.

x = ln ( 1000 ) ln ( 16 ) + 5 3 2.497

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Solve ( 1 81 ) x 1 243 = ( 1 9 ) 3 x 1 by rewriting each side with a common base.

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Use logarithms to find the exact solution for 9 e 10 a 8 5 = 41 . If there is no solution, write no solution .

a = ln ( 4 ) + 8 10

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Find the exact solution for 10 e 4 x + 2 + 5 = 56. If there is no solution, write no solution .

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Find the exact solution for 5 e 4 x 1 4 = 64. If there is no solution, write no solution .

no solution

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Find the exact solution for 2 x 3 = 6 2 x 1 . If there is no solution, write no solution .

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Find the exact solution for e 2 x e x 72 = 0. If there is no solution, write no solution .

x = ln ( 9 )

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Use the definition of a logarithm to find the exact solution for 4 log ( 2 n ) 7 = 11

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Use the one-to-one property of logarithms to find an exact solution for log ( 4 x 2 10 ) + log ( 3 ) = log ( 51 ) If there is no solution, write no solution .

x = ± 3 3 2

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The formula for measuring sound intensity in decibels D is defined by the equation D = 10 log ( I I 0 ) , where I is the intensity of the sound in watts per square meter and I 0 = 10 12 is the lowest level of sound that the average person can hear. How many decibels are emitted from a rock concert with a sound intensity of 4.7 10 1 watts per square meter?

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A radiation safety officer is working with 112 grams of a radioactive substance. After 17 days, the sample has decayed to 80 grams. Rounding to five significant digits, write an exponential equation representing this situation. To the nearest day, what is the half-life of this substance?

f ( t ) = 112 e .019792 t ; half-life: about 35 days

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Write the formula found in the previous exercise as an equivalent equation with base e . Express the exponent to five significant digits.

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A bottle of soda with a temperature of 71° Fahrenheit was taken off a shelf and placed in a refrigerator with an internal temperature of 35° F . After ten minutes, the internal temperature of the soda was 63° F . Use Newton’s Law of Cooling to write a formula that models this situation. To the nearest degree, what will the temperature of the soda be after one hour?

T ( t ) = 36 e 0.025131 t + 35 ; T ( 60 ) 43 o F

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The population of a wildlife habitat is modeled by the equation P ( t ) = 360 1 + 6.2 e 0.35 t , where t is given in years. How many animals were originally transported to the habitat? How many years will it take before the habitat reaches half its capacity?

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Enter the data from [link] into a graphing calculator and graph the resulting scatter plot. Determine whether the data from the table would likely represent a function that is linear, exponential, or logarithmic.

x f(x)
1 3
2 8.55
3 11.79
4 14.09
5 15.88
6 17.33
7 18.57
8 19.64
9 20.58
10 21.42

logarithmic

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The population of a lake of fish is modeled by the logistic equation P ( t ) = 16 , 120 1 + 25 e 0.75 t , where t is time in years. To the nearest hundredth, how many years will it take the lake to reach 80 % of its carrying capacity?

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For the following exercises, use a graphing utility to create a scatter diagram of the data given in the table. Observe the shape of the scatter diagram to determine whether the data is best described by an exponential, logarithmic, or logistic model. Then use the appropriate regression feature to find an equation that models the data. When necessary, round values to five decimal places.

x f(x)
1 20
2 21.6
3 29.2
4 36.4
5 46.6
6 55.7
7 72.6
8 87.1
9 107.2
10 138.1

exponential; y = 15.10062 ( 1.24621 ) x

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x f(x)
3 13.98
4 17.84
5 20.01
6 22.7
7 24.1
8 26.15
9 27.37
10 28.38
11 29.97
12 31.07
13 31.43
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x f(x)
0 2.2
0.5 2.9
1 3.9
1.5 4.8
2 6.4
3 9.3
4 12.3
5 15
6 16.2
7 17.3
8 17.9

logistic; y = 18.41659 1 + 7.54644 e 0.68375 x

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Questions & Answers

how does the planets on our solar system orbit
cheten Reply
how many Messier objects are there in space
satish Reply
did you g8ve certificate
Richard Reply
what are astronomy
Issan Reply
Astronomy (from Ancient Greek ἀστρονομία (astronomía) 'science that studies the laws of the stars') is a natural science that studies celestial objects and phenomena. It uses mathematics, physics, and chemistry in order to explain their origin and evolution.
Rafael
vjuvu
Elgoog
what is big bang theory?
Rosemary
what type of activity astronomer do?
Rosemary
No
Richard
the big bang theory is a theory which states that all matter was compressed together in one place the matter got so unstable it exploded releasing All its contents in the form of hydrogen
Roaul
I want to be an astronomer. That's my dream
Astrit
Who named the the whole galaxy?
Shola Reply
solar Univers
GPOWER
what is space
Richard
what is the dark matter
Richard
what are the factors upon which the atmosphere is stratified
Nicholas Reply
is the big bang the sun
Folakemi Reply
no
Sokak
bigbang is the beginning of the universe
Sokak
but thats just a theory
Sokak
nothing will happen, don't worry brother.
Vansh
what does comet means
GANGAIN Reply
these are Rocky substances between mars and jupiter
GANGAIN
Comets are cosmic snowballs of frozen gases , rock and dust that orbit the sun. They are mostly found between the orbits of Venus and Mercury.
Aarya
hllo
John
hi
John
qt rrt
John
r u there
John
hey can anyone guide me abt international astronomy olympiad
sahil
how can we learn right and true ?
Govinda Reply
why the moon is always appear in an elliptical shape
Gatjuol Reply
Because when astroid hit the Earth then a piece of elliptical shape of the earth was separated which is now called moon.
Hemen
what's see level?
lidiya Reply
Did you mean eye sight or sea level
Minal
oh sorry it's sea level
lidiya
according to the theory of astronomers why the moon is always appear in an elliptical orbit?
Gatjuol
hi !!! I am new in astronomy.... I have so many questions in mind .... all of scientists of the word they just give opinion only. but they never think true or false ... i respect all of them... I believes whole universe depending on true ...থিউরি
Govinda
hello
Jackson
hi
Elyana
we're all stars and galaxies a part of sun. how can science prove thx with respect old ancient times picture or books..or anything with respect to present time .but we r a part of that universe
w astronomy and cosmology!
Michele
another theory of universe except big ban
Albash Reply
how was universe born
Asmit Reply
there many theory to born universe but what is the reality of big bang theory to born universe
Asmit
what is the exact value of π?
Nagalakshmi
by big bang
universal
there are many theories regarding this it's on you believe any theory that you think is true ex. eternal inflation theory, oscillation model theory, multiple universe theory the big bang theory etc.
Aarya
I think after Big Bang!
Michele
from where on earth could u observe all the stars during the during the course of an year
Karuna Reply
I think it couldn't possible on earth
Nagalakshmi
in this time i don't Know
Michele
is that so. the question was in the end of this chapter
Karuna
in theory, you could see them all from the equator (though over the course of a year, not at pne time). stars are measured in "declination", which is how far N or S of the equator (90* to -90*). Polaris is the North star, and is ALMOST 90* (+89*). So it would just barely creep over the horizon.
Christopher
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Source:  OpenStax, Algebra and trigonometry. OpenStax CNX. Nov 14, 2016 Download for free at https://legacy.cnx.org/content/col11758/1.6
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