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Section exercises

Verbal

What role does the horizontal asymptote of an exponential function play in telling us about the end behavior of the graph?

An asymptote is a line that the graph of a function approaches, as x either increases or decreases without bound. The horizontal asymptote of an exponential function tells us the limit of the function’s values as the independent variable gets either extremely large or extremely small.

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What is the advantage of knowing how to recognize transformations of the graph of a parent function algebraically?

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Algebraic

The graph of f ( x ) = 3 x is reflected about the y -axis and stretched vertically by a factor of 4. What is the equation of the new function, g ( x ) ? State its y -intercept, domain, and range.

g ( x ) = 4 ( 3 ) x ; y -intercept: ( 0 , 4 ) ; Domain: all real numbers; Range: all real numbers greater than 0.

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The graph of f ( x ) = ( 1 2 ) x is reflected about the y -axis and compressed vertically by a factor of 1 5 . What is the equation of the new function, g ( x ) ? State its y -intercept, domain, and range.

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The graph of f ( x ) = 10 x is reflected about the x -axis and shifted upward 7 units. What is the equation of the new function, g ( x ) ? State its y -intercept, domain, and range.

g ( x ) = 10 x + 7 ; y -intercept: ( 0 , 6 ) ; Domain: all real numbers; Range: all real numbers less than 7.

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The graph of f ( x ) = ( 1.68 ) x is shifted right 3 units, stretched vertically by a factor of 2 , reflected about the x -axis, and then shifted downward 3 units. What is the equation of the new function, g ( x ) ? State its y -intercept (to the nearest thousandth), domain, and range.

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The graph of f ( x ) = 2 ( 1 4 ) x 20 is shifted left 2 units, stretched vertically by a factor of 4 , reflected about the x -axis, and then shifted downward 4 units. What is the equation of the new function, g ( x ) ? State its y -intercept, domain, and range.

g ( x ) = 2 ( 1 4 ) x ; y -intercept: ( 0 ,  2 ) ; Domain: all real numbers; Range: all real numbers greater than 0.

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Graphical

For the following exercises, graph the function and its reflection about the y -axis on the same axes, and give the y -intercept.

g ( x ) = 2 ( 0.25 ) x

Graph of two functions, g(-x)=-2(0.25)^(-x) in blue and g(x)=-2(0.25)^x in orange.

y -intercept: ( 0 , 2 )

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h ( x ) = 6 ( 1.75 ) x

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For the following exercises, graph each set of functions on the same axes.

f ( x ) = 3 ( 1 4 ) x , g ( x ) = 3 ( 2 ) x , and h ( x ) = 3 ( 4 ) x

Graph of three functions, g(x)=3(2)^(x) in blue, h(x)=3(4)^(x) in green, and f(x)=3(1/4)^(x) in orange.
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f ( x ) = 1 4 ( 3 ) x , g ( x ) = 2 ( 3 ) x , and h ( x ) = 4 ( 3 ) x

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For the following exercises, match each function with one of the graphs in [link] .

Graph of six exponential functions.

f ( x ) = 2 ( 0.69 ) x

B

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f ( x ) = 2 ( 0.81 ) x

A

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f ( x ) = 2 ( 1.59 ) x

E

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For the following exercises, use the graphs shown in [link] . All have the form f ( x ) = a b x .

Graph of six exponential functions.

Which graph has the largest value for b ?

D

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Which graph has the smallest value for b ?

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Which graph has the largest value for a ?

C

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Which graph has the smallest value for a ?

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For the following exercises, graph the function and its reflection about the x -axis on the same axes.

f ( x ) = 3 ( 0.75 ) x 1

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f ( x ) = 4 ( 2 ) x + 2

Graph of two functions, -f(x)=(4)(2)^(x)-2 in blue and f(x)=(-4)(2)^x+1 in orange.
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For the following exercises, graph the transformation of f ( x ) = 2 x . Give the horizontal asymptote, the domain, and the range.

h ( x ) = 2 x + 3

Graph of h(x)=2^(x)+3.

Horizontal asymptote: h ( x ) = 3 ; Domain: all real numbers; Range: all real numbers strictly greater than 3.

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For the following exercises, describe the end behavior of the graphs of the functions.

f ( x ) = 5 ( 4 ) x 1

As x , f ( x ) ;
As x , f ( x ) 1

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f ( x ) = 3 ( 1 2 ) x 2

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f ( x ) = 3 ( 4 ) x + 2

As x , f ( x ) 2 ;
As x , f ( x )

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For the following exercises, start with the graph of f ( x ) = 4 x . Then write a function that results from the given transformation.

Shift f ( x ) 4 units upward

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Shift f ( x ) 3 units downward

f ( x ) = 4 x 3

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Shift f ( x ) 2 units left

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Shift f ( x ) 5 units right

f ( x ) = 4 x 5

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Reflect f ( x ) about the x -axis

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Reflect f ( x ) about the y -axis

f ( x ) = 4 x

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For the following exercises, each graph is a transformation of y = 2 x . Write an equation describing the transformation.

For the following exercises, find an exponential equation for the graph.

Numeric

For the following exercises, evaluate the exponential functions for the indicated value of x .

g ( x ) = 1 3 ( 7 ) x 2 for g ( 6 ) .

g ( 6 ) = 800 + 1 3 800.3333

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f ( x ) = 4 ( 2 ) x 1 2 for f ( 5 ) .

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h ( x ) = 1 2 ( 1 2 ) x + 6 for h ( 7 ) .

h ( 7 ) = 58

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Technology

For the following exercises, use a graphing calculator to approximate the solutions of the equation. Round to the nearest thousandth. f ( x ) = a b x + d .

50 = ( 1 2 ) x

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116 = 1 4 ( 1 8 ) x

x 2.953

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5 = 3 ( 1 2 ) x 1 2

x 0.222

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30 = 4 ( 2 ) x + 2 + 2

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Extensions

Explore and discuss the graphs of F ( x ) = ( b ) x and G ( x ) = ( 1 b ) x . Then make a conjecture about the relationship between the graphs of the functions b x and ( 1 b ) x for any real number b > 0.

The graph of G ( x ) = ( 1 b ) x is the refelction about the y -axis of the graph of F ( x ) = b x ; For any real number b > 0 and function f ( x ) = b x , the graph of ( 1 b ) x is the the reflection about the y -axis, F ( x ) .

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Prove the conjecture made in the previous exercise.

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Explore and discuss the graphs of f ( x ) = 4 x , g ( x ) = 4 x 2 , and h ( x ) = ( 1 16 ) 4 x . Then make a conjecture about the relationship between the graphs of the functions b x and ( 1 b n ) b x for any real number n and real number b > 0.

The graphs of g ( x ) and h ( x ) are the same and are a horizontal shift to the right of the graph of f ( x ) ; For any real number n , real number b > 0 , and function f ( x ) = b x , the graph of ( 1 b n ) b x is the horizontal shift f ( x n ) .

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Prove the conjecture made in the previous exercise.

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Questions & Answers

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what is errata
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is the branch of biology that deals with the study of microorganisms.
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What is microbiology
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studies of microbes
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How bacteria create energy to survive?
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Bacteria doesn't produce energy they are dependent upon their substrate in case of lack of nutrients they are able to make spores which helps them to sustain in harsh environments
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But not all bacteria make spores, l mean Eukaryotic cells have Mitochondria which acts as powerhouse for them, since bacteria don't have it, what is the substitution for it?
Muhamad
they make spores
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what is sporadic nd endemic, epidemic
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the significance of food webs for disease transmission
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food webs brings about an infection as an individual depends on number of diseased foods or carriers dully.
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explain assimilatory nitrate reduction
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Assimilatory nitrate reduction is a process that occurs in some microorganisms, such as bacteria and archaea, in which nitrate (NO3-) is reduced to nitrite (NO2-), and then further reduced to ammonia (NH3).
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This process is called assimilatory nitrate reduction because the nitrogen that is produced is incorporated in the cells of microorganisms where it can be used in the synthesis of amino acids and other nitrogen products
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Examples of thermophilic organisms
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Give Examples of thermophilic organisms
Shu
advantages of normal Flora to the host
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Prevent foreign microbes to the host
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they provide healthier benefits to their hosts
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They are friends to host only when Host immune system is strong and become enemies when the host immune system is weakened . very bad relationship!
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cell is the smallest unit of life
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cell is the structural and functional unit of life
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is the fundamental units of Life
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There are nothing like emergency disease but there are some common medical emergency which can occur simultaneously like Bleeding,heart attack,Breathing difficulties,severe pain heart stock.Hope you will get my point .Have a nice day ❣️
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Many sites of the body have it Skin Nasal cavity Oral cavity Gastro intestinal tract
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part of a tissue or an organ being wounded or bruised.
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Binomial nomenclature
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Source:  OpenStax, Algebra and trigonometry. OpenStax CNX. Nov 14, 2016 Download for free at https://legacy.cnx.org/content/col11758/1.6
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