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Section exercises

Verbal

Explain the basis for the cofunction identities and when they apply.

The cofunction identities apply to complementary angles. Viewing the two acute angles of a right triangle, if one of those angles measures x , the second angle measures π 2 x . Then sin x = cos ( π 2 x ) . The same holds for the other cofunction identities. The key is that the angles are complementary.

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Is there only one way to evaluate cos ( 5 π 4 ) ? Explain how to set up the solution in two different ways, and then compute to make sure they give the same answer.

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Explain to someone who has forgotten the even-odd properties of sinusoidal functions how the addition and subtraction formulas can determine this characteristic for f ( x ) = sin ( x ) and g ( x ) = cos ( x ) . (Hint: 0 x = x )

sin ( x ) = sin x , so sin x is odd. cos ( x ) = cos ( 0 x ) = cos x , so cos x is even.

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Algebraic

For the following exercises, find the exact value.

sin ( 11 π 12 )

6 2 4

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tan ( 19 π 12 )

2 3

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For the following exercises, rewrite in terms of sin x and cos x .

sin ( x 3 π 4 )

2 2 sin x 2 2 cos x

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cos ( x + 2 π 3 )

1 2 cos x 3 2 sin x

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For the following exercises, simplify the given expression.

sec ( π 2 θ )

csc θ

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tan ( π 2 x )

cot x

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sin ( 2 x ) cos ( 5 x ) sin ( 5 x ) cos ( 2 x )

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tan ( 3 2 x ) tan ( 7 5 x ) 1 + tan ( 3 2 x ) tan ( 7 5 x )

tan ( x 10 )

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For the following exercises, find the requested information.

Given that sin a = 2 3 and cos b = 1 4 , with a and b both in the interval [ π 2 , π ) , find sin ( a + b ) and cos ( a b ) .

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Given that sin a = 4 5 , and cos b = 1 3 , with a and b both in the interval [ 0 , π 2 ) , find sin ( a b ) and cos ( a + b ) .

sin ( a b ) = ( 4 5 ) ( 1 3 ) ( 3 5 ) ( 2 2 3 ) = 4 6 2 15 cos ( a + b ) = ( 3 5 ) ( 1 3 ) ( 4 5 ) ( 2 2 3 ) = 3 8 2 15

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For the following exercises, find the exact value of each expression.

sin ( cos 1 ( 0 ) cos 1 ( 1 2 ) )

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cos ( cos 1 ( 2 2 ) + sin 1 ( 3 2 ) )

2 6 4

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tan ( sin 1 ( 1 2 ) cos 1 ( 1 2 ) )

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Graphical

For the following exercises, simplify the expression, and then graph both expressions as functions to verify the graphs are identical. Confirm your answer using a graphing calculator.

cos ( π 2 x )

sin x

Graph of y=sin(x) from -2pi to 2pi.
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tan ( π 3 + x )

cot ( π 6 x )

Graph of y=cot(pi/6 - x) from -2pi to pi - in comparison to the usual y=cot(x) graph, this one is reflected across the x-axis and shifted by pi/6.
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tan ( π 4 x )

cot ( π 4 + x )

Graph of y=cot(pi/4 + x) - in comparison to the usual y=cot(x) graph, this one is shifted by pi/4.
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sin ( π 4 + x )

sin x 2 + cos x 2

Graph of y = sin(x) / rad2 + cos(x) / rad2 - it looks like the sin curve shifted by pi/4.
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For the following exercises, use a graph to determine whether the functions are the same or different. If they are the same, show why. If they are different, replace the second function with one that is identical to the first. (Hint: think 2 x = x + x . )

f ( x ) = sin ( 4 x ) sin ( 3 x ) cos x , g ( x ) = sin x cos ( 3 x )

They are the same.

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f ( x ) = cos ( 4 x ) + sin x sin ( 3 x ) , g ( x ) = cos x cos ( 3 x )

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f ( x ) = sin ( 3 x ) cos ( 6 x ) , g ( x ) = sin ( 3 x ) cos ( 6 x )

They are the different, try g ( x ) = sin ( 9 x ) cos ( 3 x ) sin ( 6 x ) .

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f ( x ) = sin ( 4 x ) , g ( x ) = sin ( 5 x ) cos x cos ( 5 x ) sin x

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f ( x ) = sin ( 2 x ) , g ( x ) = 2 sin x cos x

They are the same.

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f ( θ ) = cos ( 2 θ ) , g ( θ ) = cos 2 θ sin 2 θ

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f ( θ ) = tan ( 2 θ ) , g ( θ ) = tan θ 1 + tan 2 θ

They are the different, try g ( θ ) = 2 tan θ 1 tan 2 θ .

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f ( x ) = sin ( 3 x ) sin x , g ( x ) = sin 2 ( 2 x ) cos 2 x cos 2 ( 2 x ) sin 2 x

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f ( x ) = tan ( x ) , g ( x ) = tan x tan ( 2 x ) 1 tan x tan ( 2 x )

They are different, try g ( x ) = tan x tan ( 2 x ) 1 + tan x tan ( 2 x ) .

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Technology

For the following exercises, find the exact value algebraically, and then confirm the answer with a calculator to the fourth decimal point.

sin ( 195° )

3 1 2 2 , or  0.2588

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cos ( 345° )

1 + 3 2 2 , or 0.9659

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Extensions

For the following exercises, prove the identities provided.

tan ( x + π 4 ) = tan x + 1 1 tan x

tan ( x + π 4 ) = tan x + tan ( π 4 ) 1 tan x tan ( π 4 ) = tan x + 1 1 tan x ( 1 ) = tan x + 1 1 tan x

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tan ( a + b ) tan ( a b ) = sin a cos a + sin b cos b sin a cos a sin b cos b

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cos ( a + b ) cos a cos b = 1 tan a tan b

cos ( a + b ) cos a cos b = cos a cos b cos a cos b sin a sin b cos a cos b = 1 tan a tan b

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cos ( x + y ) cos ( x y ) = cos 2 x sin 2 y

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cos ( x + h ) cos x h = cos x cos h 1 h sin x sin h h

cos ( x + h ) cos x h = cos x cosh sin x sinh cos x h = cos x ( cosh 1 ) sin x sinh h = cos x cos h 1 h sin x sin h h

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For the following exercises, prove or disprove the statements.

tan ( u + v ) = tan u + tan v 1 tan u tan v

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tan ( u v ) = tan u tan v 1 + tan u tan v

True

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tan ( x + y ) 1 + tan x tan x = tan x + tan y 1 tan 2 x tan 2 y

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If α , β , and γ are angles in the same triangle, then prove or disprove sin ( α + β ) = sin γ .

True. Note that sin ( α + β ) = sin ( π γ ) and expand the right hand side.

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If α , β , and y are angles in the same triangle, then prove or disprove tan α + tan β + tan γ = tan α tan β tan γ

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Questions & Answers

differentiate between demand and supply giving examples
Lambiv Reply
differentiated between demand and supply using examples
Lambiv
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Lambiv
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WARKISA
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Lambiv
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appreciation
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Lindiwe Reply
In economics, a perfect market refers to a theoretical construct where all participants have perfect information, goods are homogenous, there are no barriers to entry or exit, and prices are determined solely by supply and demand. It's an idealized model used for analysis,
Ezea
What is ceteris paribus?
Shukri Reply
other things being equal
AI-Robot
When MP₁ becomes negative, TP start to decline. Extuples Suppose that the short-run production function of certain cut-flower firm is given by: Q=4KL-0.6K2 - 0.112 • Where is quantity of cut flower produced, I is labour input and K is fixed capital input (K-5). Determine the average product of lab
Kelo
Extuples Suppose that the short-run production function of certain cut-flower firm is given by: Q=4KL-0.6K2 - 0.112 • Where is quantity of cut flower produced, I is labour input and K is fixed capital input (K-5). Determine the average product of labour (APL) and marginal product of labour (MPL)
Kelo
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Shukri
Can I ask you other question?
Shukri
what is monopoly mean?
Habtamu Reply
What is different between quantity demand and demand?
Shukri Reply
Quantity demanded refers to the specific amount of a good or service that consumers are willing and able to purchase at a give price and within a specific time period. Demand, on the other hand, is a broader concept that encompasses the entire relationship between price and quantity demanded
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Fiker Reply
Economic growth as an increase in the production and consumption of goods and services within an economy.but Economic development as a broader concept that encompasses not only economic growth but also social & human well being.
Shukri
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Jabir
What do you think is more important to focus on when considering inequality ?
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Awais Reply
sir...I just want to ask one question... Define the term contract curve? if you are free please help me to find this answer 🙏
Asui
it is a curve that we get after connecting the pareto optimal combinations of two consumers after their mutually beneficial trade offs
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In economics, the contract curve refers to the set of points in an Edgeworth box diagram where both parties involved in a trade cannot be made better off without making one of them worse off. It represents the Pareto efficient allocations of goods between two individuals or entities, where neither p
Cornelius
In economics, the contract curve refers to the set of points in an Edgeworth box diagram where both parties involved in a trade cannot be made better off without making one of them worse off. It represents the Pareto efficient allocations of goods between two individuals or entities,
Cornelius
Suppose a consumer consuming two commodities X and Y has The following utility function u=X0.4 Y0.6. If the price of the X and Y are 2 and 3 respectively and income Constraint is birr 50. A,Calculate quantities of x and y which maximize utility. B,Calculate value of Lagrange multiplier. C,Calculate quantities of X and Y consumed with a given price. D,alculate optimum level of output .
Feyisa Reply
Answer
Feyisa
c
Jabir
the market for lemon has 10 potential consumers, each having an individual demand curve p=101-10Qi, where p is price in dollar's per cup and Qi is the number of cups demanded per week by the i th consumer.Find the market demand curve using algebra. Draw an individual demand curve and the market dema
Gsbwnw Reply
suppose the production function is given by ( L, K)=L¼K¾.assuming capital is fixed find APL and MPL. consider the following short run production function:Q=6L²-0.4L³ a) find the value of L that maximizes output b)find the value of L that maximizes marginal product
Abdureman
types of unemployment
Yomi Reply
What is the difference between perfect competition and monopolistic competition?
Mohammed
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Source:  OpenStax, Algebra and trigonometry. OpenStax CNX. Nov 14, 2016 Download for free at https://legacy.cnx.org/content/col11758/1.6
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