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f ( x ) = x 2 x + 1

Local behavior: x 1 2 + , f ( x ) , x 1 2 , f ( x )

End behavior: x ± , f ( x ) 1 2

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f ( x ) = 2 x x 6

Local behavior: x 6 + , f ( x ) , x 6 , f ( x ) , End behavior: x ± , f ( x ) 2

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f ( x ) = x 2 4 x + 3 x 2 4 x 5

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f ( x ) = 2 x 2 32 6 x 2 + 13 x 5

Local behavior: x 1 3 + , f ( x ) , x 1 3 , f ( x ) , x 5 2 , f ( x ) , x 5 2 + , f ( x )

End behavior: x ± , f ( x ) 1 3

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For the following exercises, find the slant asymptote of the functions.

f ( x ) = 24 x 2 + 6 x 2 x + 1

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f ( x ) = 4 x 2 10 2 x 4

y = 2 x + 4

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f ( x ) = 81 x 2 18 3 x 2

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f ( x ) = 6 x 3 5 x 3 x 2 + 4

y = 2 x

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f ( x ) = x 2 + 5 x + 4 x 1

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Graphical

For the following exercises, use the given transformation to graph the function. Note the vertical and horizontal asymptotes.

The reciprocal function shifted up two units.

V . A .   x = 0 , H . A .   y = 2

Graph of a rational function.
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The reciprocal function shifted down one unit and left three units.

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The reciprocal squared function shifted to the right 2 units.

V . A .   x = 2 ,   H . A .   y = 0

Graph of a rational function.
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The reciprocal squared function shifted down 2 units and right 1 unit.

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For the following exercises, find the horizontal intercepts, the vertical intercept, the vertical asymptotes, and the horizontal or slant asymptote of the functions. Use that information to sketch a graph.

p ( x ) = 2 x 3 x + 4

V . A .   x = 4 ,   H . A .   y = 2 ; ( 3 2 , 0 ) ; ( 0 , 3 4 )

Graph of p(x)=(2x-3)/(x+4) with its vertical asymptote at x=-4 and horizontal asymptote at y=2.
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q ( x ) = x 5 3 x 1

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s ( x ) = 4 ( x 2 ) 2

V . A .   x = 2 ,   H . A .   y = 0 ,   ( 0 , 1 )

Graph of s(x)=4/(x-2)^2 with its vertical asymptote at x=2 and horizontal asymptote at y=0.
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f ( x ) = 3 x 2 14 x 5 3 x 2 + 8 x 16

V . A .   x = 4 ,   x = 4 3 ,   H . A .   y = 1 ; ( 5 , 0 ) ; ( 1 3 , 0 ) ; ( 0 , 5 16 )

Graph of f(x)=(3x^2-14x-5)/(3x^2+8x-16) with its vertical asymptotes at x=-4 and x=4/3 and horizontal asymptote at y=1.
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g ( x ) = 2 x 2 + 7 x 15 3 x 2 14 + 15

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a ( x ) = x 2 + 2 x 3 x 2 1

V . A .   x = 1 ,   H . A .   y = 1 ; ( 3 , 0 ) ; ( 0 , 3 )

Graph of a(x)=(x^2+2x-3)/(x^2-1) with its vertical asymptote at x=-1 and horizontal asymptote at y=1.
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b ( x ) = x 2 x 6 x 2 4

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h ( x ) = 2 x 2 +   x 1 x 4

V . A .   x = 4 ,   S . A .   y = 2 x + 9 ; ( 1 , 0 ) ; ( 1 2 , 0 ) ; ( 0 , 1 4 )

Graph of h(x)=(2x^2+x-1)/(x-1) with its vertical asymptote at x=4 and slant asymptote at y=2x+9.
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k ( x ) = 2 x 2 3 x 20 x 5

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w ( x ) = ( x 1 ) ( x + 3 ) ( x 5 ) ( x + 2 ) 2 ( x 4 )

V . A .   x = 2 ,   x = 4 ,   H . A .   y = 1 , ( 1 , 0 ) ; ( 5 , 0 ) ; ( 3 , 0 ) ; ( 0 , 15 16 )

Graph of w(x)=(x-1)(x+3)(x-5)/(x+2)^2(x-4) with its vertical asymptotes at x=-2 and x=4 and horizontal asymptote at y=1.
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z ( x ) = ( x + 2 ) 2 ( x 5 ) ( x 3 ) ( x + 1 ) ( x + 4 )

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For the following exercises, write an equation for a rational function with the given characteristics.

Vertical asymptotes at x = 5 and x = −5 , x -intercepts at ( 2 , 0 ) and ( −1 , 0 ) , y -intercept at ( 0 , 4 )

y = 50 x 2 x 2 x 2 25

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Vertical asymptotes at x = −4 and x = −1 , x- intercepts at ( 1 , 0 ) and ( 5 , 0 ) , y- intercept at ( 0 , 7 )

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Vertical asymptotes at x = −4 and x = −5 , x -intercepts at ( 4 , 0 ) and ( −6 , 0 ) , Horizontal asymptote at y = 7

y = 7 x 2 + 2 x 24 x 2 + 9 x + 20

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Vertical asymptotes at x = −3 and x = 6 , x -intercepts at ( −2 , 0 ) and ( 1 , 0 ) , Horizontal asymptote at y = −2

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Vertical asymptote at x = −1 , Double zero at x = 2 , y -intercept at ( 0 , 2 )

y = 1 2 x 2 4 x + 4 x + 1

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Vertical asymptote at x = 3 , Double zero at x = 1 , y -intercept at ( 0 , 4 )

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For the following exercises, use the graphs to write an equation for the function.

Graph of a rational function with vertical asymptotes at x=-3 and x=4.

y = 4 x 3 x 2 x 12

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Graph of a rational function with vertical asymptotes at x=-3 and x=3.

y = 9 x 2 x 2 9

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Graph of a rational function with vertical asymptote at x=1.

y = 1 3 x 2 + x 6 x 1

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Graph of a rational function with vertical asymptotes at x=-3 and x=2.

y = 6 ( x 1 ) 2 ( x + 3 ) ( x 2 ) 2

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Numeric

For the following exercises, make tables to show the behavior of the function near the vertical asymptote and reflecting the horizontal asymptote

f ( x ) = 1 x 2

x 2.01 2.001 2.0001 1.99 1.999
y 100 1,000 10,000 –100 –1,000
x 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000
y .125 .0102 .001 .0001 .00001

Vertical asymptote x = 2 , Horizontal asymptote y = 0

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f ( x ) = 2 x x + 4

x –4.1 –4.01 –4.001 –3.99 –3.999
y 82 802 8,002 –798 –7998
x 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000
y 1.4286 1.9331 1.992 1.9992 1.999992

Vertical asymptote x = 4 , Horizontal asymptote y = 2

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f ( x ) = 2 x ( x 3 ) 2

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f ( x ) = x 2 x 2 + 2 x + 1

x –.9 –.99 –.999 –1.1 –1.01
y 81 9,801 998,001 121 10,201
x 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000
y .82645 .9803 .998 .9998

Vertical asymptote x = 1 , Horizontal asymptote y = 1

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Technology

For the following exercises, use a calculator to graph f ( x ) . Use the graph to solve f ( x ) > 0.

f ( x ) = 4 2 x 3

( 3 2 , )

Graph of f(x)=4/(2x-3).
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f ( x ) = 2 ( x 1 ) ( x + 2 )

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f ( x ) = x + 2 ( x 1 ) ( x 4 )

( 2 , 1 ) ( 4 , )

Graph of f(x)=(x+2)/(x-1)(x-4).
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f ( x ) = ( x + 3 ) 2 ( x 1 ) 2 ( x + 1 )

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Extensions

For the following exercises, identify the removable discontinuity.

f ( x ) = x 2 4 x 2

( 2 , 4 )

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f ( x ) = x 2 + x 6 x 2

( 2 , 5 )

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f ( x ) = 2 x 2 + 5 x 3 x + 3

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f ( x ) = x 3 + x 2 x + 1

( 1 , 1 )

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Real-world applications

For the following exercises, express a rational function that describes the situation.

A large mixing tank currently contains 200 gallons of water, into which 10 pounds of sugar have been mixed. A tap will open, pouring 10 gallons of water per minute into the tank at the same time sugar is poured into the tank at a rate of 3 pounds per minute. Find the concentration (pounds per gallon) of sugar in the tank after t minutes.

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A large mixing tank currently contains 300 gallons of water, into which 8 pounds of sugar have been mixed. A tap will open, pouring 20 gallons of water per minute into the tank at the same time sugar is poured into the tank at a rate of 2 pounds per minute. Find the concentration (pounds per gallon) of sugar in the tank after t minutes.

C ( t ) = 8 + 2 t 300 + 20 t

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For the following exercises, use the given rational function to answer the question.

The concentration C of a drug in a patient’s bloodstream t hours after injection in given by C ( t ) = 2 t 3 + t 2 . What happens to the concentration of the drug as t increases?

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The concentration C of a drug in a patient’s bloodstream t hours after injection is given by C ( t ) = 100 t 2 t 2 + 75 . Use a calculator to approximate the time when the concentration is highest.

After about 6.12 hours.

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For the following exercises, construct a rational function that will help solve the problem. Then, use a calculator to answer the question.

An open box with a square base is to have a volume of 108 cubic inches. Find the dimensions of the box that will have minimum surface area. Let x = length of the side of the base.

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A rectangular box with a square base is to have a volume of 20 cubic feet. The material for the base costs 30 cents/ square foot. The material for the sides costs 10 cents/square foot. The material for the top costs 20 cents/square foot. Determine the dimensions that will yield minimum cost. Let x = length of the side of the base.

A ( x ) = 50 x 2 + 800 x . 2 by 2 by 5 feet.

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A right circular cylinder has volume of 100 cubic inches. Find the radius and height that will yield minimum surface area. Let x = radius.

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A right circular cylinder with no top has a volume of 50 cubic meters. Find the radius that will yield minimum surface area. Let x = radius.

A ( x ) = π x 2 + 100 x . Radius = 2.52 meters.

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A right circular cylinder is to have a volume of 40 cubic inches. It costs 4 cents/square inch to construct the top and bottom and 1 cent/square inch to construct the rest of the cylinder. Find the radius to yield minimum cost. Let x = radius.

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Questions & Answers

how does Neisseria cause meningitis
Nyibol Reply
what is microbiologist
Muhammad Reply
what is errata
Muhammad
is the branch of biology that deals with the study of microorganisms.
Ntefuni Reply
What is microbiology
Mercy Reply
studies of microbes
Louisiaste
when we takee the specimen which lumbar,spin,
Ziyad Reply
How bacteria create energy to survive?
Muhamad Reply
Bacteria doesn't produce energy they are dependent upon their substrate in case of lack of nutrients they are able to make spores which helps them to sustain in harsh environments
_Adnan
But not all bacteria make spores, l mean Eukaryotic cells have Mitochondria which acts as powerhouse for them, since bacteria don't have it, what is the substitution for it?
Muhamad
they make spores
Louisiaste
what is sporadic nd endemic, epidemic
Aminu Reply
the significance of food webs for disease transmission
Abreham
food webs brings about an infection as an individual depends on number of diseased foods or carriers dully.
Mark
explain assimilatory nitrate reduction
Esinniobiwa Reply
Assimilatory nitrate reduction is a process that occurs in some microorganisms, such as bacteria and archaea, in which nitrate (NO3-) is reduced to nitrite (NO2-), and then further reduced to ammonia (NH3).
Elkana
This process is called assimilatory nitrate reduction because the nitrogen that is produced is incorporated in the cells of microorganisms where it can be used in the synthesis of amino acids and other nitrogen products
Elkana
Examples of thermophilic organisms
Shu Reply
Give Examples of thermophilic organisms
Shu
advantages of normal Flora to the host
Micheal Reply
Prevent foreign microbes to the host
Abubakar
they provide healthier benefits to their hosts
ayesha
They are friends to host only when Host immune system is strong and become enemies when the host immune system is weakened . very bad relationship!
Mark
what is cell
faisal Reply
cell is the smallest unit of life
Fauziya
cell is the smallest unit of life
Akanni
ok
Innocent
cell is the structural and functional unit of life
Hasan
is the fundamental units of Life
Musa
what are emergency diseases
Micheal Reply
There are nothing like emergency disease but there are some common medical emergency which can occur simultaneously like Bleeding,heart attack,Breathing difficulties,severe pain heart stock.Hope you will get my point .Have a nice day ❣️
_Adnan
define infection ,prevention and control
Innocent
I think infection prevention and control is the avoidance of all things we do that gives out break of infections and promotion of health practices that promote life
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Heyy Lubega hussein where are u from?
_Adnan
en français
Adama
which site have a normal flora
ESTHER Reply
Many sites of the body have it Skin Nasal cavity Oral cavity Gastro intestinal tract
Safaa
skin
Asiina
skin,Oral,Nasal,GIt
Sadik
How can Commensal can Bacteria change into pathogen?
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How can Commensal Bacteria change into pathogen?
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all
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by fussion
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what are the advantages of normal Flora to the host
Micheal
what are the ways of control and prevention of nosocomial infection in the hospital
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part of a tissue or an organ being wounded or bruised.
Wilfred
what term is used to name and classify microorganisms?
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Binomial nomenclature
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Source:  OpenStax, Algebra and trigonometry. OpenStax CNX. Nov 14, 2016 Download for free at https://legacy.cnx.org/content/col11758/1.6
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