# 4.1 Linear functions  (Page 11/27)

 Page 11 / 27

A vertical line    indicates a constant input, or x -value. We can see that the input value for every point on the line is 2, but the output value varies. Because this input value is mapped to more than one output value, a vertical line does not represent a function. Notice that between any two points, the change in the input values is zero. In the slope formula, the denominator will be zero, so the slope of a vertical line is undefined.

A vertical line, such as the one in [link] , has an x -intercept, but no y- intercept unless it’s the line $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}x=0.\text{\hspace{0.17em}}$ This graph represents the line $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}x=2.$

## Horizontal and vertical lines

Lines can be horizontal or vertical.

A horizontal line    is a line defined by an equation in the form $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}f\left(x\right)=b.$

A vertical line    is a line defined by an equation in the form $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}x=a.$

## Writing the equation of a horizontal line

Write the equation of the line graphed in [link] .

For any x -value, the y -value is $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}-4,\text{\hspace{0.17em}}$ so the equation is $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}y=-4.$

## Writing the equation of a vertical line

Write the equation of the line graphed in [link] .

The constant x -value is $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}7,$ so the equation is $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}x=7.$

## Determining whether lines are parallel or perpendicular

The two lines in [link] are parallel lines    : they will never intersect. They have exactly the same steepness, which means their slopes are identical. The only difference between the two lines is the y -intercept. If we shifted one line vertically toward the other, they would become coincident.

We can determine from their equations whether two lines are parallel by comparing their slopes. If the slopes are the same and the y -intercepts are different, the lines are parallel. If the slopes are different, the lines are not parallel.

Unlike parallel lines, perpendicular lines    do intersect. Their intersection forms a right, or 90-degree, angle. The two lines in [link] are perpendicular.

Perpendicular lines do not have the same slope. The slopes of perpendicular lines are different from one another in a specific way. The slope of one line is the negative reciprocal of the slope of the other line. The product of a number and its reciprocal is $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}1.\text{\hspace{0.17em}}$ So, if are negative reciprocals of one another, they can be multiplied together to yield $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}–1.$

${m}_{1}{m}_{2}=-1$

To find the reciprocal of a number, divide 1 by the number. So the reciprocal of 8 is $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\frac{1}{8},\text{\hspace{0.17em}}$ and the reciprocal of $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\frac{1}{8}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}$ is 8. To find the negative reciprocal, first find the reciprocal and then change the sign.

As with parallel lines, we can determine whether two lines are perpendicular by comparing their slopes, assuming that the lines are neither horizontal nor vertical. The slope of each line below is the negative reciprocal of the other so the lines are perpendicular.

The product of the slopes is –1.

what is the VA Ha D R X int Y int of f(x) =x²+4x+4/x+2 f(x) =x³-1/x-1
can I get help with this?
Wayne
Are they two separate problems or are the two functions a system?
Wilson
Also, is the first x squared in "x+4x+4"
Wilson
x^2+4x+4?
Wilson
thank you
Wilson
Wilson
f(x)=x square-root 2 +2x+1 how to solve this value
Wilson
what is algebra
The product of two is 32. Find a function that represents the sum of their squares.
Paul
if theta =30degree so COS2 theta = 1- 10 square theta upon 1 + tan squared theta
how to compute this 1. g(1-x) 2. f(x-2) 3. g (-x-/5) 4. f (x)- g (x)
hi
John
hi
Grace
what sup friend
John
not much For functions, there are two conditions for a function to be the inverse function:   1--- g(f(x)) = x for all x in the domain of f     2---f(g(x)) = x for all x in the domain of g Notice in both cases you will get back to the  element that you started with, namely, x.
Grace
sin theta=3/4.prove that sec square theta barabar 1 + tan square theta by cosec square theta minus cos square theta
acha se dhek ke bata sin theta ke value
Ajay
sin theta ke ja gha sin square theta hoga
Ajay
I want to know trigonometry but I can't understand it anyone who can help
Yh
Idowu
which part of trig?
Nyemba
functions
Siyabonga
trigonometry
Ganapathi
differentiation doubhts
Ganapathi
hi
Ganapathi
hello
Brittany
Prove that 4sin50-3tan 50=1
False statement so you cannot prove it
Wilson
f(x)= 1 x    f(x)=1x  is shifted down 4 units and to the right 3 units.
f (x) = −3x + 5 and g (x) = x − 5 /−3
Sebit
what are real numbers
I want to know partial fraction Decomposition.
classes of function in mathematics
divide y2_8y2+5y2/y2
wish i knew calculus to understand what's going on 🙂
@dashawn ... in simple terms, a derivative is the tangent line of the function. which gives the rate of change at that instant. to calculate. given f(x)==ax^n. then f'(x)=n*ax^n-1 . hope that help.
Christopher
thanks bro
Dashawn
maybe when i start calculus in a few months i won't be that lost 😎
Dashawn
what's the derivative of 4x^6
24x^5
James
10x
Axmed
24X^5
Taieb
comment écrire les symboles de math par un clavier normal
SLIMANE