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1.1 What is psychology? Read Online
1.2 History of psychology Read Online
Clive Wearing is an accomplished musician who lost his ability to form new memories when he became sick at the age of 46. While he can remember how to play the piano perfectly, he cannot remember what he ate for breakfast just an hour ago (Sacks, 2007). James Wannerton experiences a taste sensation that is associated with the sound of words. His former girlfriend’s name tastes like rhubarb (Mundasad, 2013). John Nash is a brilliant mathematician and Nobel Prize winner. However, while he was a professor at MIT, he would tell people that the New York Times contained coded messages from extraterrestrial beings that were intended for him. He also began to hear voices and became suspicious of the people around him. Soon thereafter, Nash was diagnosed with schizophrenia and admitted to a state-run mental institution (O’Connor&Robertson, 2002). Nash was the subject of the 2001 movie A Beautiful Mind . Why did these people have these experiences? How does the human brain work? And what is the connection between the brain’s internal processes and people’s external behaviors? This textbook will introduce you to various ways that the field of psychology has explored these questions.
American Board of Forensic Psychology. (2014). Brochure . Retrieved from http://www.abfp.com/brochure.asp
American Psychological Association. (2014). Retrieved from www.apa.org
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American Psychological Association. (2011). Psychology as a career. Retrieved from http://www.apa.org/education/undergrad/psych-career.aspx
Ashliman, D. L. (2001). Cupid and Psyche. In Folktexts: A library of folktales, folklore, fairy tales, and mythology. Retrieved from http://www.pitt.edu/~dash/cupid.html
Betancourt, H.,&López, S. R. (1993). The study of culture, ethnicity, and race in American psychology. American Psychologist , 48 , 629–637.
Black, S. R., Spence, S. A.,&Omari, S. R. (2004). Contributions of African Americans to the field of psychology. Journal of Black Studies , 35 , 40–64.
Bulfinch, T. (1855). The age of fable: Or, stories of gods and heroes . Boston, MA: Chase, Nichols and Hill.
Buss, D. M. (1989). Sex differences in human mate preferences: Evolutionary hypotheses tested in 37 cultures. Behavioral and Brain Sciences , 12 , 1–49.
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Question: Which of the following scenarios is NOT an example of indirect aggression?
Choices:
Spreading false rumors about someone
Posting an unflattering photo of someone on a social media site
Blaming an innocent person for starting a false rumor about a third party
Intentionally hitting someone hard during a game of touch football
Question: Diffusion of responsibility occurs when witnesses to an emergency:
Choices:
do not recognize that a situation is actually an emergency.
decide that the costs of helping are too great to become involved.
do not know how to help the person in need.
equally divide the theoretical responsibility for helping among the number of onlookers.
Question: Helping behavior is probably NOT related to which of the following factors?
Choices:
Whether the person in need is a blood relative
Whether the helper has been reinforced for prior helping behavior
Whether the person in need appears to be a legitimate victim of a crime
Whether the witness and the person in need speak the same language
Question: The basic definition of aggression involves:
Choices:
causing harm, even if by accident.
physical behaviors only.
feelings of anger.
engaging in an action with the intent to cause harm.
Question: Aggression is considered to be instrumental if it:
Choices:
makes the perpetrator feel guilty.
is used to achieve some other goal.
causes harm.
is solely intended to hurt someone's feelings.
Question: Milgram found that participants were less likely to obey when:
Choices:
another participant questioned the legitimacy of what was going on in the study.
the study was conducted in a professional environment at the university.
the experimenter was dressed like a professional scientist.
they were unable to see the learner face-to-face.
Question: If a lifeguard at the beach hesitates before jumping in to save someone who may or may not require help getting back to the beach safely, the lifeguard would be said to suffer from:
Choices:
evaluation apprehension.
new employee nervousness.
incompetence on the job.
an anxiety disorder.
Question: Conformity can best be described as:
Choices:
demanding that others do what you say.
granting someone's request.
following an order.
going along with the crowd.
Question: Frustrating situations tend to:
Choices:
be unrelated to subsequent aggressive behaviors.
irritate people more than anger them.
remind people to keep their emotions in check.
increase aggression.
Question: In his classic study on conformity, Asch asked participants to make a series of perceptual judgments after hearing numerous other people say obviously incorrect answers out loud. He was most interested in learning:
Choices:
whether or not the participant would say the correct answer.
whether or not the participant felt uncomfortable during the study.
if the participant questioned his or her own ideas of what was correct.
if the participant would quit the study before it was done.
Question: Social learning theory suggests that:
Choices:
we learn aggressive behavior much like we learn many other things, by watching other people do it and be reinforced for it.
we learn not to be aggressive by being punished directly for our aggressive actions.
watching someone else be punished for being aggressive has no effect on our own levels of aggression.
aggression is innate, or something we are born with.
It will NOT provide the education or experience needed for the diagnosing and treating of mental disorders.