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Given a tabular function, create a new row to represent a vertical shift.

  1. Identify the output row or column.
  2. Determine the magnitude of the shift.
  3. Add the shift to the value in each output cell. Add a positive value for up or a negative value for down.

Shifting a tabular function vertically

A function f ( x ) is given in [link] . Create a table for the function g ( x ) = f ( x ) 3.

x 2 4 6 8
f ( x ) 1 3 7 11

The formula g ( x ) = f ( x ) 3 tells us that we can find the output values of g by subtracting 3 from the output values of f . For example:

f ( 2 ) = 1 Given g ( x ) = f ( x ) 3 Given transformation g ( 2 ) = f ( 2 ) 3 = 1 3 = 2

Subtracting 3 from each f ( x ) value, we can complete a table of values for g ( x ) as shown in [link] .

x 2 4 6 8
f ( x ) 1 3 7 11
g ( x ) −2 0 4 8
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The function h ( t ) = 4.9 t 2 + 30 t gives the height h of a ball (in meters) thrown upward from the ground after t seconds. Suppose the ball was instead thrown from the top of a 10-m building. Relate this new height function b ( t ) to h ( t ) , and then find a formula for b ( t ) .

b ( t ) = h ( t ) + 10 = 4.9 t 2 + 30 t + 10
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Identifying horizontal shifts

We just saw that the vertical shift is a change to the output, or outside, of the function. We will now look at how changes to input, on the inside of the function, change its graph and meaning. A shift to the input results in a movement of the graph of the function left or right in what is known as a horizontal shift , shown in [link] .

Figure_01_05_004
Horizontal shift of the function f ( x ) = x 3 . Note that h = + 1 shifts the graph to the left, that is, towards negative values of x .

For example, if f ( x ) = x 2 , then g ( x ) = ( x 2 ) 2 is a new function. Each input is reduced by 2 prior to squaring the function. The result is that the graph is shifted 2 units to the right, because we would need to increase the prior input by 2 units to yield the same output value as given in f .

Horizontal shift

Given a function f , a new function g ( x ) = f ( x h ) , where h is a constant, is a horizontal shift    of the function f . If h is positive, the graph will shift right. If h is negative, the graph will shift left.

Adding a constant to an input

Returning to our building airflow example from [link] , suppose that in autumn the facilities manager decides that the original venting plan starts too late, and wants to begin the entire venting program 2 hours earlier. Sketch a graph of the new function.

We can set V ( t ) to be the original program and F ( t ) to be the revised program.

V ( t ) =  the original venting plan F ( t ) = starting 2 hrs sooner

In the new graph, at each time, the airflow is the same as the original function V was 2 hours later. For example, in the original function V , the airflow starts to change at 8 a.m., whereas for the function F , the airflow starts to change at 6 a.m. The comparable function values are V ( 8 ) = F ( 6 ) . See [link] . Notice also that the vents first opened to 220  ft 2 at 10 a.m. under the original plan, while under the new plan the vents reach 220  ft 2 at 8 a.m., so V ( 10 ) = F ( 8 ) .

In both cases, we see that, because F ( t ) starts 2 hours sooner, h = 2. That means that the same output values are reached when F ( t ) = V ( t ( 2 ) ) = V ( t + 2 ) .

Figure_01_05_005a
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Questions & Answers

Three charges q_{1}=+3\mu C, q_{2}=+6\mu C and q_{3}=+8\mu C are located at (2,0)m (0,0)m and (0,3) coordinates respectively. Find the magnitude and direction acted upon q_{2} by the two other charges.Draw the correct graphical illustration of the problem above showing the direction of all forces.
Kate Reply
To solve this problem, we need to first find the net force acting on charge q_{2}. The magnitude of the force exerted by q_{1} on q_{2} is given by F=\frac{kq_{1}q_{2}}{r^{2}} where k is the Coulomb constant, q_{1} and q_{2} are the charges of the particles, and r is the distance between them.
Muhammed
What is the direction and net electric force on q_{1}= 5µC located at (0,4)r due to charges q_{2}=7mu located at (0,0)m and q_{3}=3\mu C located at (4,0)m?
Kate Reply
what is the change in momentum of a body?
Eunice Reply
what is a capacitor?
Raymond Reply
Capacitor is a separation of opposite charges using an insulator of very small dimension between them. Capacitor is used for allowing an AC (alternating current) to pass while a DC (direct current) is blocked.
Gautam
A motor travelling at 72km/m on sighting a stop sign applying the breaks such that under constant deaccelerate in the meters of 50 metres what is the magnitude of the accelerate
Maria Reply
please solve
Sharon
8m/s²
Aishat
What is Thermodynamics
Muordit
velocity can be 72 km/h in question. 72 km/h=20 m/s, v^2=2.a.x , 20^2=2.a.50, a=4 m/s^2.
Mehmet
A boat travels due east at a speed of 40meter per seconds across a river flowing due south at 30meter per seconds. what is the resultant speed of the boat
Saheed Reply
50 m/s due south east
Someone
which has a higher temperature, 1cup of boiling water or 1teapot of boiling water which can transfer more heat 1cup of boiling water or 1 teapot of boiling water explain your . answer
Ramon Reply
I believe temperature being an intensive property does not change for any amount of boiling water whereas heat being an extensive property changes with amount/size of the system.
Someone
Scratch that
Someone
temperature for any amount of water to boil at ntp is 100⁰C (it is a state function and and intensive property) and it depends both will give same amount of heat because the surface available for heat transfer is greater in case of the kettle as well as the heat stored in it but if you talk.....
Someone
about the amount of heat stored in the system then in that case since the mass of water in the kettle is greater so more energy is required to raise the temperature b/c more molecules of water are present in the kettle
Someone
definitely of physics
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what is field
Felix Reply
physics, biology and chemistry this is my Field
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field is a region of space under the influence of some physical properties
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what is ogarnic chemistry
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determine the slope giving that 3y+ 2x-14=0
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Another formula for Acceleration
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a=v/t. a=f/m a
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pratica A on solution of hydro chloric acid,B is a solution containing 0.5000 mole ofsodium chlorid per dm³,put A in the burret and titrate 20.00 or 25.00cm³ portion of B using melting orange as the indicator. record the deside of your burret tabulate the burret reading and calculate the average volume of acid used?
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how do lnternal energy measures
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Two bodies attract each other electrically. Do they both have to be charged? Answer the same question if the bodies repel one another.
JALLAH Reply
No. According to Isac Newtons law. this two bodies maybe you and the wall beside you. Attracting depends on the mass och each body and distance between them.
Dlovan
Are you really asking if two bodies have to be charged to be influenced by Coulombs Law?
Robert
like charges repel while unlike charges atttact
Raymond
What is specific heat capacity
Destiny Reply
Specific heat capacity is a measure of the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of a substance by one degree Celsius (or Kelvin). It is measured in Joules per kilogram per degree Celsius (J/kg°C).
AI-Robot
specific heat capacity is the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of a substance by one degree Celsius or kelvin
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Source:  OpenStax, Precalculus. OpenStax CNX. Jan 19, 2016 Download for free at https://legacy.cnx.org/content/col11667/1.6
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