<< Chapter < Page Chapter >> Page >

Given a function and both a vertical and a horizontal shift, sketch the graph.

  1. Identify the vertical and horizontal shifts from the formula.
  2. The vertical shift results from a constant added to the output. Move the graph up for a positive constant and down for a negative constant.
  3. The horizontal shift results from a constant added to the input. Move the graph left for a positive constant and right for a negative constant.
  4. Apply the shifts to the graph in either order.

Graphing combined vertical and horizontal shifts

Given f ( x ) = | x | , sketch a graph of h ( x ) = f ( x + 1 ) 3.

The function f is our toolkit absolute value function. We know that this graph has a V shape, with the point at the origin. The graph of h has transformed f in two ways: f ( x + 1 ) is a change on the inside of the function, giving a horizontal shift left by 1, and the subtraction by 3 in f ( x + 1 ) 3 is a change to the outside of the function, giving a vertical shift down by 3. The transformation of the graph is illustrated in [link] .

Let us follow one point of the graph of f ( x ) = | x | .

  • The point ( 0 , 0 ) is transformed first by shifting left 1 unit: ( 0 , 0 ) ( −1 , 0 )
  • The point ( −1 , 0 ) is transformed next by shifting down 3 units: ( −1 , 0 ) ( −1 , −3 )
Graph of an absolute function, y=|x|, and how it was transformed to y=|x+1|-3.

[link] shows the graph of h .

The final function y=|x+1|-3.
Got questions? Get instant answers now!
Got questions? Get instant answers now!

Given f ( x ) = | x | , sketch a graph of h ( x ) = f ( x 2 ) + 4.

Graph of h(x)=|x-2|+4.
Got questions? Get instant answers now!

Identifying combined vertical and horizontal shifts

Write a formula for the graph shown in [link] , which is a transformation of the toolkit square root function.

Graph of a square root function transposed right one unit and up 2.

The graph of the toolkit function starts at the origin, so this graph has been shifted 1 to the right and up 2. In function notation, we could write that as

h ( x ) = f ( x 1 ) + 2

Using the formula for the square root function, we can write

h ( x ) = x 1 + 2
Got questions? Get instant answers now!
Got questions? Get instant answers now!

Write a formula for a transformation of the toolkit reciprocal function f ( x ) = 1 x that shifts the function’s graph one unit to the right and one unit up.

g ( x ) = 1 x - 1 + 1

Got questions? Get instant answers now!

Graphing functions using reflections about the axes

Another transformation that can be applied to a function is a reflection over the x - or y -axis. A vertical reflection reflects a graph vertically across the x -axis, while a horizontal reflection reflects a graph horizontally across the y -axis. The reflections are shown in [link] .

Graph of the vertical and horizontal reflection of a function.
Vertical and horizontal reflections of a function.

Notice that the vertical reflection produces a new graph that is a mirror image of the base or original graph about the x -axis. The horizontal reflection produces a new graph that is a mirror image of the base or original graph about the y -axis.

Reflections

Given a function f ( x ), a new function g ( x ) = f ( x ) is a vertical reflection    of the function f ( x ) , sometimes called a reflection about (or over, or through) the x -axis.

Given a function f ( x ) , a new function g ( x ) = f ( x ) is a horizontal reflection    of the function f ( x ) , sometimes called a reflection about the y -axis.

Given a function, reflect the graph both vertically and horizontally.

  1. Multiply all outputs by –1 for a vertical reflection. The new graph is a reflection of the original graph about the x -axis.
  2. Multiply all inputs by –1 for a horizontal reflection. The new graph is a reflection of the original graph about the y -axis.

Questions & Answers

Three charges q_{1}=+3\mu C, q_{2}=+6\mu C and q_{3}=+8\mu C are located at (2,0)m (0,0)m and (0,3) coordinates respectively. Find the magnitude and direction acted upon q_{2} by the two other charges.Draw the correct graphical illustration of the problem above showing the direction of all forces.
Kate Reply
To solve this problem, we need to first find the net force acting on charge q_{2}. The magnitude of the force exerted by q_{1} on q_{2} is given by F=\frac{kq_{1}q_{2}}{r^{2}} where k is the Coulomb constant, q_{1} and q_{2} are the charges of the particles, and r is the distance between them.
Muhammed
What is the direction and net electric force on q_{1}= 5µC located at (0,4)r due to charges q_{2}=7mu located at (0,0)m and q_{3}=3\mu C located at (4,0)m?
Kate Reply
what is the change in momentum of a body?
Eunice Reply
what is a capacitor?
Raymond Reply
Capacitor is a separation of opposite charges using an insulator of very small dimension between them. Capacitor is used for allowing an AC (alternating current) to pass while a DC (direct current) is blocked.
Gautam
A motor travelling at 72km/m on sighting a stop sign applying the breaks such that under constant deaccelerate in the meters of 50 metres what is the magnitude of the accelerate
Maria Reply
please solve
Sharon
8m/s²
Aishat
What is Thermodynamics
Muordit
velocity can be 72 km/h in question. 72 km/h=20 m/s, v^2=2.a.x , 20^2=2.a.50, a=4 m/s^2.
Mehmet
A boat travels due east at a speed of 40meter per seconds across a river flowing due south at 30meter per seconds. what is the resultant speed of the boat
Saheed Reply
50 m/s due south east
Someone
which has a higher temperature, 1cup of boiling water or 1teapot of boiling water which can transfer more heat 1cup of boiling water or 1 teapot of boiling water explain your . answer
Ramon Reply
I believe temperature being an intensive property does not change for any amount of boiling water whereas heat being an extensive property changes with amount/size of the system.
Someone
Scratch that
Someone
temperature for any amount of water to boil at ntp is 100⁰C (it is a state function and and intensive property) and it depends both will give same amount of heat because the surface available for heat transfer is greater in case of the kettle as well as the heat stored in it but if you talk.....
Someone
about the amount of heat stored in the system then in that case since the mass of water in the kettle is greater so more energy is required to raise the temperature b/c more molecules of water are present in the kettle
Someone
definitely of physics
Haryormhidey Reply
how many start and codon
Esrael Reply
what is field
Felix Reply
physics, biology and chemistry this is my Field
ALIYU
field is a region of space under the influence of some physical properties
Collete
what is ogarnic chemistry
WISDOM Reply
determine the slope giving that 3y+ 2x-14=0
WISDOM
Another formula for Acceleration
Belty Reply
a=v/t. a=f/m a
IHUMA
innocent
Adah
pratica A on solution of hydro chloric acid,B is a solution containing 0.5000 mole ofsodium chlorid per dm³,put A in the burret and titrate 20.00 or 25.00cm³ portion of B using melting orange as the indicator. record the deside of your burret tabulate the burret reading and calculate the average volume of acid used?
Nassze Reply
how do lnternal energy measures
Esrael
Two bodies attract each other electrically. Do they both have to be charged? Answer the same question if the bodies repel one another.
JALLAH Reply
No. According to Isac Newtons law. this two bodies maybe you and the wall beside you. Attracting depends on the mass och each body and distance between them.
Dlovan
Are you really asking if two bodies have to be charged to be influenced by Coulombs Law?
Robert
like charges repel while unlike charges atttact
Raymond
What is specific heat capacity
Destiny Reply
Specific heat capacity is a measure of the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of a substance by one degree Celsius (or Kelvin). It is measured in Joules per kilogram per degree Celsius (J/kg°C).
AI-Robot
specific heat capacity is the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of a substance by one degree Celsius or kelvin
ROKEEB
Got questions? Join the online conversation and get instant answers!
Jobilize.com Reply

Get Jobilize Job Search Mobile App in your pocket Now!

Get it on Google Play Download on the App Store Now




Source:  OpenStax, Precalculus. OpenStax CNX. Jan 19, 2016 Download for free at https://legacy.cnx.org/content/col11667/1.6
Google Play and the Google Play logo are trademarks of Google Inc.

Notification Switch

Would you like to follow the 'Precalculus' conversation and receive update notifications?

Ask