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The population of a city is modeled by the equation P ( t ) = 256 , 114 e 0.25 t where t is measured in years. If the city continues to grow at this rate, how many years will it take for the population to reach one million?

about 5.45 years

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Find the inverse function f 1 for the exponential function f ( x ) = 2 e x + 1 5.

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Find the inverse function f 1 for the logarithmic function f ( x ) = 0.25 log 2 ( x 3 + 1 ) .

f 1 ( x ) = 2 4 x 1 3

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Exponential and Logarithmic Models

For the following exercises, use this scenario: A doctor prescribes 300 milligrams of a therapeutic drug that decays by about 17 % each hour.

To the nearest minute, what is the half-life of the drug?

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Write an exponential model representing the amount of the drug remaining in the patient’s system after t hours. Then use the formula to find the amount of the drug that would remain in the patient’s system after 24 hours. Round to the nearest hundredth of a gram.

f ( t ) = 300 ( 0.83 ) t ; f ( 24 ) 3.43 g

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For the following exercises, use this scenario: A soup with an internal temperature of 350° Fahrenheit was taken off the stove to cool in a 71°F room. After fifteen minutes, the internal temperature of the soup was 175°F .

Use Newton’s Law of Cooling to write a formula that models this situation.

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How many minutes will it take the soup to cool to 85°F?

about 45 minutes

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For the following exercises, use this scenario: The equation N ( t ) = 1200 1 + 199 e 0.625 t models the number of people in a school who have heard a rumor after t days.

How many people started the rumor?

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To the nearest tenth, how many days will it be before the rumor spreads to half the carrying capacity?

about 8.5 days

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What is the carrying capacity?

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For the following exercises, enter the data from each table into a graphing calculator and graph the resulting scatter plots. Determine whether the data from the table would likely represent a function that is linear, exponential, or logarithmic.

x f(x)
1 3.05
2 4.42
3 6.4
4 9.28
5 13.46
6 19.52
7 28.3
8 41.04
9 59.5
10 86.28

exponential

Graph of the table’s values.
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x f(x)
0.5 18.05
1 17
3 15.33
5 14.55
7 14.04
10 13.5
12 13.22
13 13.1
15 12.88
17 12.69
20 12.45
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Find a formula for an exponential equation that goes through the points ( 2 , 100 ) and ( 0 , 4 ) . Then express the formula as an equivalent equation with base e.

y = 4 ( 0.2 ) x ; y = 4 e -1 .609438 x

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Fitting Exponential Models to Data

What is the carrying capacity for a population modeled by the logistic equation P ( t ) = 250 , 000 1 + 499 e 0.45 t ? What is the initial population for the model?

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The population of a culture of bacteria is modeled by the logistic equation P ( t ) = 14 , 250 1 + 29 e 0.62 t , where t is in days. To the nearest tenth, how many days will it take the culture to reach 75 % of its carrying capacity?

about 7.2 days

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For the following exercises, use a graphing utility to create a scatter diagram of the data given in the table. Observe the shape of the scatter diagram to determine whether the data is best described by an exponential, logarithmic, or logistic model. Then use the appropriate regression feature to find an equation that models the data. When necessary, round values to five decimal places.

Questions & Answers

for the "hiking" mix, there are 1,000 pieces in the mix, containing 390.8 g of fat, and 165 g of protein. if there is the same amount of almonds as cashews, how many of each item is in the trail mix?
ADNAN Reply
linear speed of an object
Melissa Reply
an object is traveling around a circle with a radius of 13 meters .if in 20 seconds a central angle of 1/7 Radian is swept out what are the linear and angular speed of the object
Melissa
test
Matrix
how to find domain
Mohamed Reply
like this: (2)/(2-x) the aim is to see what will not be compatible with this rational expression. If x= 0 then the fraction is undefined since we cannot divide by zero. Therefore, the domain consist of all real numbers except 2.
Dan
define the term of domain
Moha
if a>0 then the graph is concave
Angel Reply
if a<0 then the graph is concave blank
Angel
what's a domain
Kamogelo Reply
The set of all values you can use as input into a function su h that the output each time will be defined, meaningful and real.
Spiro
how fast can i understand functions without much difficulty
Joe Reply
what is inequalities
Nathaniel
functions can be understood without a lot of difficulty. Observe the following: f(2) 2x - x 2(2)-2= 2 now observe this: (2,f(2)) ( 2, -2) 2(-x)+2 = -2 -4+2=-2
Dan
what is set?
Kelvin Reply
a colony of bacteria is growing exponentially doubling in size every 100 minutes. how much minutes will it take for the colony of bacteria to triple in size
Divya Reply
I got 300 minutes. is it right?
Patience
no. should be about 150 minutes.
Jason
It should be 158.5 minutes.
Mr
ok, thanks
Patience
100•3=300 300=50•2^x 6=2^x x=log_2(6) =2.5849625 so, 300=50•2^2.5849625 and, so, the # of bacteria will double every (100•2.5849625) = 258.49625 minutes
Thomas
158.5 This number can be developed by using algebra and logarithms. Begin by moving log(2) to the right hand side of the equation like this: t/100 log(2)= log(3) step 1: divide each side by log(2) t/100=1.58496250072 step 2: multiply each side by 100 to isolate t. t=158.49
Dan
what is the importance knowing the graph of circular functions?
Arabella Reply
can get some help basic precalculus
ismail Reply
What do you need help with?
Andrew
how to convert general to standard form with not perfect trinomial
Camalia Reply
can get some help inverse function
ismail
Rectangle coordinate
Asma Reply
how to find for x
Jhon Reply
it depends on the equation
Robert
yeah, it does. why do we attempt to gain all of them one side or the other?
Melissa
how to find x: 12x = 144 notice how 12 is being multiplied by x. Therefore division is needed to isolate x and whatever we do to one side of the equation we must do to the other. That develops this: x= 144/12 divide 144 by 12 to get x. addition: 12+x= 14 subtract 12 by each side. x =2
Dan
whats a domain
mike Reply
The domain of a function is the set of all input on which the function is defined. For example all real numbers are the Domain of any Polynomial function.
Spiro
Spiro; thanks for putting it out there like that, 😁
Melissa
foci (–7,–17) and (–7,17), the absolute value of the differenceof the distances of any point from the foci is 24.
Churlene Reply

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Source:  OpenStax, Precalculus. OpenStax CNX. Jan 19, 2016 Download for free at https://legacy.cnx.org/content/col11667/1.6
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