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Section exercises

Verbal

Explain the basis for the cofunction identities and when they apply.

The cofunction identities apply to complementary angles. Viewing the two acute angles of a right triangle, if one of those angles measures x , the second angle measures π 2 x . Then sin x = cos ( π 2 x ) . The same holds for the other cofunction identities. The key is that the angles are complementary.

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Is there only one way to evaluate cos ( 5 π 4 ) ? Explain how to set up the solution in two different ways, and then compute to make sure they give the same answer.

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Explain to someone who has forgotten the even-odd properties of sinusoidal functions how the addition and subtraction formulas can determine this characteristic for f ( x ) = sin ( x ) and g ( x ) = cos ( x ) . (Hint: 0 x = x )

sin ( x ) = sin x , so sin x is odd. cos ( x ) = cos ( 0 x ) = cos x , so cos x is even.

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Algebraic

For the following exercises, find the exact value.

sin ( 11 π 12 )

6 2 4

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tan ( 19 π 12 )

2 3

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For the following exercises, rewrite in terms of sin x and cos x .

sin ( x 3 π 4 )

2 2 sin x 2 2 cos x

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cos ( x + 2 π 3 )

1 2 cos x 3 2 sin x

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For the following exercises, simplify the given expression.

sec ( π 2 θ )

csc θ

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tan ( π 2 x )

cot x

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sin ( 2 x ) cos ( 5 x ) sin ( 5 x ) cos ( 2 x )

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tan ( 3 2 x ) tan ( 7 5 x ) 1 + tan ( 3 2 x ) tan ( 7 5 x )

tan ( x 10 )

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For the following exercises, find the requested information.

Given that sin a = 2 3 and cos b = 1 4 , with a and b both in the interval [ π 2 , π ) , find sin ( a + b ) and cos ( a b ) .

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Given that sin a = 4 5 , and cos b = 1 3 , with a and b both in the interval [ 0 , π 2 ) , find sin ( a b ) and cos ( a + b ) .

sin ( a b ) = ( 4 5 ) ( 1 3 ) ( 3 5 ) ( 2 2 3 ) = 4 6 2 15
cos ( a + b ) = ( 3 5 ) ( 1 3 ) ( 4 5 ) ( 2 2 3 ) = 3 8 2 15

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For the following exercises, find the exact value of each expression.

sin ( cos 1 ( 0 ) cos 1 ( 1 2 ) )

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cos ( cos 1 ( 2 2 ) + sin 1 ( 3 2 ) )

2 6 4

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tan ( sin 1 ( 1 2 ) cos 1 ( 1 2 ) )

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Graphical

For the following exercises, simplify the expression, and then graph both expressions as functions to verify the graphs are identical.

cos ( π 2 x )

sin x

Graph of y=sin(x) from -2pi to 2pi.
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tan ( π 3 + x )

cot ( π 6 x )

Graph of y=cot(pi/6 - x) from -2pi to pi - in comparison to the usual y=cot(x) graph, this one is reflected across the x-axis and shifted by pi/6.
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tan ( π 4 x )

cot ( π 4 + x )

Graph of y=cot(pi/4 + x) - in comparison to the usual y=cot(x) graph, this one is shifted by pi/4.
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sin ( π 4 + x )

sin x 2 + cos x 2

Graph of y = sin(x) / rad2 + cos(x) / rad2 - it looks like the sin curve shifted by pi/4.
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For the following exercises, use a graph to determine whether the functions are the same or different. If they are the same, show why. If they are different, replace the second function with one that is identical to the first. (Hint: think 2 x = x + x . )

f ( x ) = sin ( 4 x ) sin ( 3 x ) cos x , g ( x ) = sin x cos ( 3 x )

They are the same.

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f ( x ) = cos ( 4 x ) + sin x sin ( 3 x ) , g ( x ) = cos x cos ( 3 x )

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f ( x ) = sin ( 3 x ) cos ( 6 x ) , g ( x ) = sin ( 3 x ) cos ( 6 x )

They are the different, try g ( x ) = sin ( 9 x ) cos ( 3 x ) sin ( 6 x ) .

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f ( x ) = sin ( 4 x ) , g ( x ) = sin ( 5 x ) cos x cos ( 5 x ) sin x

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f ( x ) = sin ( 2 x ) , g ( x ) = 2 sin x cos x

They are the same.

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f ( θ ) = cos ( 2 θ ) , g ( θ ) = cos 2 θ sin 2 θ

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f ( θ ) = tan ( 2 θ ) , g ( θ ) = tan θ 1 + tan 2 θ

They are the different, try g ( θ ) = 2 tan θ 1 tan 2 θ .

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f ( x ) = sin ( 3 x ) sin x , g ( x ) = sin 2 ( 2 x ) cos 2 x cos 2 ( 2 x ) sin 2 x

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f ( x ) = tan ( x ) , g ( x ) = tan x tan ( 2 x ) 1 tan x tan ( 2 x )

They are different, try g ( x ) = tan x tan ( 2 x ) 1 + tan x tan ( 2 x ) .

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Technology

For the following exercises, find the exact value algebraically, and then confirm the answer with a calculator to the fourth decimal point.

sin ( 195 )

3 1 2 2 ,  or  0.2588

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cos ( 345 )

1 + 3 2 2 , or 0.9659

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Extensions

For the following exercises, prove the identities provided.

tan ( x + π 4 ) = tan x + 1 1 tan x

tan ( x + π 4 ) = tan x + tan ( π 4 ) 1 tan x tan ( π 4 ) = tan x + 1 1 tan x ( 1 ) = tan x + 1 1 tan x

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tan ( a + b ) tan ( a b ) = sin a cos a + sin b cos b sin a cos a sin b cos b

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cos ( a + b ) cos a cos b = 1 tan a tan b

cos ( a + b ) cos a cos b = cos a cos b cos a cos b sin a sin b cos a cos b = 1 tan a tan b

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cos ( x + y ) cos ( x y ) = cos 2 x sin 2 y

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cos ( x + h ) cos x h = cos x cos h 1 h sin x sin h h

cos ( x + h ) cos x h = cos x cosh sin x sinh cos x h = cos x ( cosh 1 ) sin x sinh h = cos x cos h 1 h sin x sin h h

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For the following exercises, prove or disprove the statements.

tan ( u + v ) = tan u + tan v 1 tan u tan v

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tan ( u v ) = tan u tan v 1 + tan u tan v

True

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tan ( x + y ) 1 + tan x tan x = tan x + tan y 1 tan 2 x tan 2 y

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If α , β , and γ are angles in the same triangle, then prove or disprove sin ( α + β ) = sin γ .

True. Note that sin ( α + β ) = sin ( π γ ) and expand the right hand side.

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If α , β , and y are angles in the same triangle, then prove or disprove tan α + tan β + tan γ = tan α tan β tan γ

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Questions & Answers

Ayele, K., 2003. Introductory Economics, 3rd ed., Addis Ababa.
Widad Reply
can you send the book attached ?
Ariel
?
Ariel
What is economics
Widad Reply
the study of how humans make choices under conditions of scarcity
AI-Robot
U(x,y) = (x×y)1/2 find mu of x for y
Desalegn Reply
U(x,y) = (x×y)1/2 find mu of x for y
Desalegn
what is ecnomics
Jan Reply
this is the study of how the society manages it's scarce resources
Belonwu
what is macroeconomic
John Reply
macroeconomic is the branch of economics which studies actions, scale, activities and behaviour of the aggregate economy as a whole.
husaini
etc
husaini
difference between firm and industry
husaini Reply
what's the difference between a firm and an industry
Abdul
firm is the unit which transform inputs to output where as industry contain combination of firms with similar production 😅😅
Abdulraufu
Suppose the demand function that a firm faces shifted from Qd  120 3P to Qd  90  3P and the supply function has shifted from QS  20  2P to QS 10  2P . a) Find the effect of this change on price and quantity. b) Which of the changes in demand and supply is higher?
Toofiq Reply
explain standard reason why economic is a science
innocent Reply
factors influencing supply
Petrus Reply
what is economic.
Milan Reply
scares means__________________ends resources. unlimited
Jan
economics is a science that studies human behaviour as a relationship b/w ends and scares means which have alternative uses
Jan
calculate the profit maximizing for demand and supply
Zarshad Reply
Why qualify 28 supplies
Milan
what are explicit costs
Nomsa Reply
out-of-pocket costs for a firm, for example, payments for wages and salaries, rent, or materials
AI-Robot
concepts of supply in microeconomics
David Reply
economic overview notes
Amahle Reply
identify a demand and a supply curve
Salome Reply
i don't know
Parul
there's a difference
Aryan
Demand curve shows that how supply and others conditions affect on demand of a particular thing and what percent demand increase whith increase of supply of goods
Israr
Hi Sir please how do u calculate Cross elastic demand and income elastic demand?
Abari
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Source:  OpenStax, Precalculus. OpenStax CNX. Jan 19, 2016 Download for free at https://legacy.cnx.org/content/col11667/1.6
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