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Tabular representations for the functions f , g , and h are given below. Write g ( x ) and h ( x ) as transformations of f ( x ) .

x −2 −1 0 1 2
f ( x ) −1 −3 4 2 1
x −3 −2 −1 0 1
g ( x ) −1 −3 4 2 1
x −2 −1 0 1 2
h ( x ) −2 −4 3 1 0
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For the following exercises, write an equation for each graphed function by using transformations of the graphs of one of the toolkit functions.

Graph of an absolute function.

f ( x ) = | x - 3 | 2

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Graph of an absolute function.

f ( x ) = | x + 3 | 2

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For the following exercises, use the graphs of transformations of the square root function to find a formula for each of the functions.

For the following exercises, use the graphs of the transformed toolkit functions to write a formula for each of the resulting functions.

Graph of a parabola.

f ( x ) = ( x + 1 ) 2 + 2

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For the following exercises, determine whether the function is odd, even, or neither.

For the following exercises, describe how the graph of each function is a transformation of the graph of the original function f .

g ( x ) = f ( x )

The graph of g is a vertical reflection (across the x -axis) of the graph of f .

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g ( x ) = 4 f ( x )

The graph of g is a vertical stretch by a factor of 4 of the graph of f .

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g ( x ) = f ( 5 x )

The graph of g is a horizontal compression by a factor of 1 5 of the graph of f .

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g ( x ) = f ( 1 3 x )

The graph of g is a horizontal stretch by a factor of 3 of the graph of f .

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g ( x ) = 3 f ( x )

The graph of g is a horizontal reflection across the y -axis and a vertical stretch by a factor of 3 of the graph of f .

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For the following exercises, write a formula for the function g that results when the graph of a given toolkit function is transformed as described.

The graph of f ( x ) = | x | is reflected over the y - axis and horizontally compressed by a factor of 1 4 .

g ( x ) = | 4 x |

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The graph of f ( x ) = x is reflected over the x -axis and horizontally stretched by a factor of 2.

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The graph of f ( x ) = 1 x 2 is vertically compressed by a factor of 1 3 , then shifted to the left 2 units and down 3 units.

g ( x ) = 1 3 ( x + 2 ) 2 3

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The graph of f ( x ) = 1 x is vertically stretched by a factor of 8, then shifted to the right 4 units and up 2 units.

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The graph of f ( x ) = x 2 is vertically compressed by a factor of 1 2 , then shifted to the right 5 units and up 1 unit.

g ( x ) = 1 2 ( x - 5 ) 2 + 1

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The graph of f ( x ) = x 2 is horizontally stretched by a factor of 3, then shifted to the left 4 units and down 3 units.

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For the following exercises, describe how the formula is a transformation of a toolkit function. Then sketch a graph of the transformation.

g ( x ) = 4 ( x + 1 ) 2 5

The graph of the function f ( x ) = x 2 is shifted to the left 1 unit, stretched vertically by a factor of 4, and shifted down 5 units.

Graph of a parabola.
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g ( x ) = 5 ( x + 3 ) 2 2

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h ( x ) = 2 | x 4 | + 3

The graph of f ( x ) = | x | is stretched vertically by a factor of 2, shifted horizontally 4 units to the right, reflected across the horizontal axis, and then shifted vertically 3 units up.

Graph of an absolute function.
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m ( x ) = 1 2 x 3

The graph of the function f ( x ) = x 3 is compressed vertically by a factor of 1 2 .

Graph of a cubic function.
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n ( x ) = 1 3 | x 2 |

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p ( x ) = ( 1 3 x ) 3 3

The graph of the function is stretched horizontally by a factor of 3 and then shifted vertically downward by 3 units.

Graph of a cubic function.
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q ( x ) = ( 1 4 x ) 3 + 1

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a ( x ) = x + 4

The graph of f ( x ) = x is shifted right 4 units and then reflected across the vertical line x = 4.

Graph of a square root function.
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For the following exercises, use the graph in [link] to sketch the given transformations.

Graph of a polynomial.

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Source:  OpenStax, Precalculus. OpenStax CNX. Jan 19, 2016 Download for free at https://legacy.cnx.org/content/col11667/1.6
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