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| Wien’s displacement law | |
| Stefan’s law | |
| Planck’s constant | |
| Energy quantum of radiation | |
| Planck’s blackbody radiation law | |
| Maximum kinetic energy
of a photoelectron |
|
| Energy of a photon | |
| Energy balance for photoelectron | |
| Cut-off frequency | |
| Relativistic invariant
energy equation |
|
| Energy-momentum relation
for photon |
|
| Energy of a photon | |
| Magnitude of photon’s momentum | |
| Photon’s linear
momentum vector |
|
| The Compton wavelength
of an electron |
|
| The Compton shift | |
| The Balmer formula | |
| The Rydberg formula | |
| Bohr’s first quantization condition | |
| Bohr’s second quantization condition | |
| Bohr’s radius of hydrogen | |
| Bohr’s radius of the n th orbit | |
| Ground-state energy value,
ionization limit |
|
| Electron’s energy in
the n th orbit |
|
| Ground state energy of
hydrogen |
|
| The
n th orbit of
hydrogen-like ion |
|
| The
n th energy
of hydrogen-like ion |
|
| Energy of a matter wave | |
| The de Broglie wavelength | |
| The frequency-wavelength relation
for matter waves |
|
| Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle |
Give an example of an experiment in which light behaves as waves. Give an example of an experiment in which light behaves as a stream of photons.
Discuss: How does the interference of water waves differ from the interference of electrons? How are they analogous?
Answers may vary
Give at least one argument in support of the matter-wave hypothesis.
Give at least one argument in support of the particle-nature of radiation.
Answers may vary
Explain the importance of the Young double-slit experiment.
Does the Heisenberg uncertainty principle allow a particle to be at rest in a designated region in space?
yes
Can the de Broglie wavelength of a particle be known exactly?
Do the photons of red light produce better resolution in a microscope than blue light photons? Explain.
yes
Discuss the main difference between an SEM and a TEM.
An AM radio transmitter radiates 500 kW at a frequency of 760 kHz. How many photons per second does the emitter emit?
Find the Lorentz factor and de Broglie’s wavelength for a 50-GeV electron in a particle accelerator.
Find the Lorentz factor and de Broglie’s wavelength for a 1.0-TeV proton in a particle accelerator.
0.00124 fm
What is the kinetic energy of a 0.01-nm electron in a TEM?
If electron is to be diffracted significantly by a crystal, its wavelength must be about equal to the spacing, d , of crystalline planes. Assuming estimate the potential difference through which an electron must be accelerated from rest if it is to be diffracted by these planes.
24.11 V
X-rays form ionizing radiation that is dangerous to living tissue and undetectable to the human eye. Suppose that a student researcher working in an X-ray diffraction laboratory is accidentally exposed to a fatal dose of radiation. Calculate the temperature increase of the researcher under the following conditions: the energy of X-ray photons is 200 keV and the researcher absorbs photons per each kilogram of body weight during the exposure. Assume that the specific heat of the student’s body is
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