<< Chapter < Page Chapter >> Page >
By the end of this section, you will be able to:
  • Describe image formation by spherical mirrors.
  • Use ray diagrams and the mirror equation to calculate the properties of an image in a spherical mirror.

The image in a plane mirror has the same size as the object, is upright, and is the same distance behind the mirror as the object is in front of the mirror. A curved mirror    , on the other hand, can form images that may be larger or smaller than the object and may form either in front of the mirror or behind it. In general, any curved surface will form an image, although some images make be so distorted as to be unrecognizable (think of fun house mirrors).

Because curved mirrors can create such a rich variety of images, they are used in many optical devices that find many uses. We will concentrate on spherical mirrors for the most part, because they are easier to manufacture than mirrors such as parabolic mirrors and so are more common.

Curved mirrors

We can define two general types of spherical mirrors. If the reflecting surface is the outer side of the sphere, the mirror is called a convex mirror    . If the inside surface is the reflecting surface, it is called a concave mirror    .

Symmetry is one of the major hallmarks of many optical devices, including mirrors and lenses. The symmetry axis of such optical elements is often called the principal axis or optical axis    . For a spherical mirror, the optical axis passes through the mirror’s center of curvature and the mirror’s vertex    , as shown in [link] .

Figure a shows a circle, divided by two parallel lines, forming two arcs, orange and blue. A line labeled optical axis runs through the center of the circle, intersecting it at the mid-points of both arcs. Each mid-point is labeled vertex. Figure b shows the orange arc, labeled concave mirror, with the reflective surface shown on the inside. Figure c shows the blue arc, labeled convex mirror, with the reflective surface shown on the outside.
A spherical mirror is formed by cutting out a piece of a sphere and silvering either the inside or outside surface. A concave mirror has silvering on the interior surface (think “cave”), and a convex mirror has silvering on the exterior surface.

Consider rays that are parallel to the optical axis of a parabolic mirror, as shown in part (a) of [link] . Following the law of reflection, these rays are reflected so that they converge at a point, called the focal point    . Part (b) of this figure shows a spherical mirror that is large compared with its radius of curvature. For this mirror, the reflected rays do not cross at the same point, so the mirror does not have a well-defined focal point. This is called spherical aberration and results in a blurred image of an extended object. Part (c) shows a spherical mirror that is small compared to its radius of curvature. This mirror is a good approximation of a parabolic mirror, so rays that arrive parallel to the optical axis are reflected to a well-defined focal point. The distance along the optical axis from the mirror to the focal point is called the focal length    of the mirror.

Figure a shows the cross section of a parabolic mirror. Parallel rays reflect from it and converge at a point labeled F, within the parabola. Figure b shows parallel rays reflected from an arc. They are reflected towards various different points close to each other. Figure c shows an arc whose radius of curvature is much bigger compared to that of the arc in figure b. Parallel rays reflect from it and converge at a point labeled F. The distance from point F to the mirror is labeled f.
(a) Parallel rays reflected from a parabolic mirror cross at a single point called the focal point F . (b) Parallel rays reflected from a large spherical mirror do not cross at a common point. (c) If a spherical mirror is small compared with its radius of curvature, it better approximates the central part of a parabolic mirror, so parallel rays essentially cross at a common point. The distance along the optical axis from the mirror to the focal point is the focal length f of the mirror.

Questions & Answers

what is force
Afework Reply
The different examples for collision
Afework
What is polarization and there are type
Muhammed Reply
Polarization is the process of transforming unpolarized light into polarized light. types of polarization 1. linear polarization. 2. circular polarization. 3. elliptical polarization.
Eze
Describe what you would see when looking at a body whose temperature is increased from 1000 K to 1,000,000 K
Aishwarya Reply
how is tan ninety minus an angle equals to cot an angle?
Niicommey Reply
please I don't understand all about this things going on here
Jeremiah Reply
What is torque?
Matthew Reply
In physics and mechanics, torque is the rotational equivalent of linear force. It is also referred to as the moment, moment of force, rotational force or turning effect, depending on the field of study.
Teka
Torque refers to the rotational force. i.e Torque = Force × radius.
Arun
Torque is the rotational equivalent of force . Specifically, it is a force exerted at a distance from an object's axis of rotation. In the same way that a force applied to an object will cause it to move linearly, a torque applied to an object will cause it to rotate around a pivot point.
Teka
Torque is the rotational equivalence of force . So, a net torque will cause an object to rotate with an angular acceleration. Because all rotational motions have an axis of rotation, a torque must be defined about a rotational axis. A torque is a force applied to a point on an object about the axis
Teka
When a missle is shot from one spaceship towards another, it leaves the first at 0.950c and approaches the other at 0.750c. what is the relative velocity of the two shipd
Marifel Reply
how to convert:m^3/s^2 all divided by kg to cm^3/s^2
Thibaza Reply
Is there any proof of existence of luminiferious aether ?
Zero Reply
mass conversion of 58.73kg =mg
Proactive Reply
is Space time fabric real
Godawari Reply
What's the relationship between the work function and the cut off frequency in the diagram above?
frankline Reply
due to the upthrust weight of the object varise with force in which the body fall into the water pendincular with the reflection of light with it
Gift
n=I/r
Gift
can someone explain what is going on here
falanga
so some pretty easy physics questions bring em
falanga
what is meant by fluctuated
Olasukanmi Reply
If n=cv then how v=cn? and if n=c/v then how v=cn?
Natanim
convert feet to metre
Mbah Reply
what is electrolysis
Mbah
Electrolysis is the chemical decomposition of electrolyte either in molten state or solution to conduct electricity
Ayomide
class ninekasindhtextbookurdusave
Ayesha Reply
can someone help explain why v2/c2 is =1/2 Using The Lorentz Transformation For Time Spacecraft S′ is on its way to Alpha Centauri when Spacecraft S passes it at relative speed c /2. The captain of S′ sends a radio signal that lasts 1.2 s according to that ship’s clock. Use the Lorentz transformati
Jennifer

Get Jobilize Job Search Mobile App in your pocket Now!

Get it on Google Play Download on the App Store Now




Source:  OpenStax, University physics volume 3. OpenStax CNX. Nov 04, 2016 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col12067/1.4
Google Play and the Google Play logo are trademarks of Google Inc.

Notification Switch

Would you like to follow the 'University physics volume 3' conversation and receive update notifications?

Ask