1.1 Hydrocarbons

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Siyavula textbooks: grade 12

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Give the IUPAC name for the following compound:

Identify the functional group
The compound is an alkane and will have the suffix -ane.
Find the longest carbon chain
There are three carbons in the longest chain. The prefix for this compound is -prop.
Number the carbons in the carbon chain
If we start at the carbon on the left, we can number the atoms as shown below:
Look for any branched groups, name them and give their position on the carbon chain
There is a branched group attached to the second carbon atom. This group has the formula CH $_{3}$ which is methane. However, because it is not part of the main chain, it is given the suffix -yl (i.e. methyl). The position of the methyl group comes just before its name (see next step).
Combine the elements of the compound's name into a single word in the order of branched groups; prefix; name ending according to the functional group.
The compound's name is 2-methylpropane .

Give the IUPAC name for the following compound:

CH $_{3}$ CH(CH $_{3}$ )CH(CH $_{3}$ )CH $_{3}$

(Remember that the side groups are shown in brackets after the carbon atom to which they are attached.)

Draw the compound from its condensed structural formula
The structural formula of the compound is:
Identify the functional group
The compound is an alkane and will have the suffix -ane.
Find the longest carbon chain
There are four carbons in the longest chain. The prefix for this compound is -but.
Number the carbons in the carbon chain
If we start at the carbon on the left, carbon atoms are numbered as shown in the diagram above. A second way that the carbons could be numbered is:
Look for any branched groups, name them and give their position on the carbon chain
There are two methyl groups attached to the main chain. The first one is attached to the second carbon atom and the second methyl group is attached to the third carbon atom. Notice that in this example it does not matter how you have chosen to number the carbons in the main chain; the methyl groups are still attached to the second and third carbons and so the naming of the compound is not affected.
Combine the elements of the compound's name into a single word in the order of branched groups; prefix; name ending according to the functional group.
The compound's name is 2,3-dimethyl-butane .

Give the IUPAC name for the following compound:

Identify the functional group
The compound is an alkane and will have the suffix -ane.
Find the longest carbon chain and number the carbons in the longest chain.
There are six carbons in the longest chain if they are numbered as shown below. The prefix for the compound is hex-.
Look for any branched groups, name them and give their position on the carbon chain
There is one methyl group attached to the main chain. This is attached to the third carbon atom.
Combine the elements of the compound's name into a single word in the order of branched groups; prefix; name ending according to the functional group.
The compound's name is 3-methyl-hexane .

Naming the alkanes

Give the structural formula for each of the following:
1. Octane
2. CH $_{3}$ CH $_{2}$ CH $_{3}$
3. CH $_{3}$ CH(CH $_{3}$ )CH $_{3}$
4. 3-ethyl-pentane
Give the IUPAC name for each of the following organic compounds.
2. CH $_{3}$ CH $_{2}$ CH(CH $_{3}$ )CH $_{2}$ CH $_{3}$
3. CH $_{3}$ CH(CH $_{3}$ )CH $_{2}$ CH(CH $_{3}$ )CH $_{3}$

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Source: OpenStax, Siyavula textbooks: grade 12 physical science. OpenStax CNX. Aug 03, 2011 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11244/1.2

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