Before you tackle this problem, make sure you understand exactly what the question is asking. If magnesium is able to displace silver from a solution of silver nitrate, this means that magnesium metal will form magnesium ions and the silver ions will become silver metal. In other words, there will now be
silver metal and a solution of
magnesium nitrate . This will only happen if magnesium has a greater tendency than silver to form ions. In other words, what the question is actually asking is whether magnesium or silver forms ions more easily.
Is magnesium able to displace silver from a solution of silver nitrate?
The half-reactions are as follows:
Looking at the electrode potentials for the magnesium and silver reactions:
For the magnesium half-reaction: E
V = -2.37
For the silver half-reaction: E
V = 0.80
This means that magnesium is more easily
oxidised than silver and the equilibrium in this half-reaction lies to the left. The oxidation reaction will occur spontaneously in magnesium. Silver is more easily
reduced and the equilibrium lies to the right in this half-reaction. It can be concluded that magnesium will displace silver from a silver nitrate solution so that there is silver metal and magnesium ions in the solution.
Which of the metals is most likely to be oxidised?
Which metal is most likely to be reduced?
Which metal is the strongest reducing agent?
In the copper half-reaction, does the equilibrium position for the reaction lie to the left or to the right? Explain your answer.
In the mercury half-reaction, does the equilibrium position for the reaction lie to the left or to the right? Explain your answer.
If silver was added to a solution of copper sulphate, would it displace the copper from the copper sulphate solution? Explain your answer.
Use the table of standard electrode potentials to put the following in order from the
strongest oxidising agent to the
weakest oxidising agent .
Cu
MnO
Br
Zn
Look at the following half-reactions.
Which substance is the strongest oxidising agent?
Which substance is the strongest reducing agent?
Which one of the substances listed below acts as the oxidising agent in the following reaction?
H
Cr
SO
Cr
O
(IEB Paper 2, 2004)
If zinc is added to a solution of magnesium sulphate, will the zinc displace the magnesium from the solution? Give a detailed explanation for your answer.
Combining half cells
Let's stay with the example of the zinc and copper half cells. If we combine these cells as we did earlier in the chapter (
"The Galvanic Cell" ), the following two equilibria exist:
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