Draw a free-body diagram to represent the forces acting on a kite on a string that is floating stationary in the air. Label the forces in your diagram.
The diagram has a black dot and three solid red arrows pointing away from the dot. Arrow Ft is long and pointing to the left and slightly down. Arrow Fw is also long and is a bit below a diagonal line halfway between pointing up and pointing to the right. A short arrow Fg is pointing down.
Fg is the force on the kite due to gravity.
Fw is the force exerted on the kite by the wind.
Ft is the force of tension in the string holding the kite. It must balance the vector sum of the other two forces for the kite to float stationary in the air.
A car is sliding down a hill with a slope of 20°. The mass of the car is 965 kg. When a cable is used to pull the car up the slope, a force of 4215 N is applied. What is the car’s acceleration, ignoring friction?
When objects rest on a surface, the surface applies a force to the object that supports the weight of the object. This supporting force acts perpendicular to and away from the surface. It is called a normal force,
.
When objects rest on a non-accelerating horizontal surface, the magnitude of the normal force is equal to the weight of the object:
When objects rest on an inclined plane that makes an angle
with the horizontal surface, the weight of the object can be resolved into components that act perpendicular (
) and parallel (
) to the surface of the plane. These components can be calculated using:
The pulling force that acts along a stretched flexible connector, such as a rope or cable, is called tension,
. When a rope supports the weight of an object that is at rest, the tension in the rope is equal to the weight of the object:
In any inertial frame of reference (one that is not accelerated or rotated), Newton’s laws have the simple forms given in this chapter and all forces are real forces having a physical origin.
Conceptual questions
If a leg is suspended by a traction setup as shown in
[link] , what is the tension in the rope?
A leg is suspended by a traction system in which wires are used to transmit forces. Frictionless pulleys change the direction of the force
T without changing its magnitude.
In a traction setup for a broken bone, with pulleys and rope available, how might we be able to increase the force along the tibia using the same weight? (See
[link] .) (Note that the tibia is the shin bone shown in this image.)
Two teams of nine members each engage in a tug of war. Each of the first team’s members has an average mass of 68 kg and exerts an average force of 1350 N horizontally. Each of the second team’s members has an average mass of 73 kg and exerts an average force of 1365 N horizontally. (a) What is magnitude of the acceleration of the two teams? (b) What is the tension in the section of rope between the teams?
What force does a trampoline have to apply to a 45.0-kg gymnast to accelerate her straight up at
? Note that the answer is independent of the velocity of the gymnast—she can be moving either up or down, or be stationary.
(a) Calculate the tension in a vertical strand of spider web if a spider of mass
hangs motionless on it. (b) Calculate the tension in a horizontal strand of spider web if the same spider sits motionless in the middle of it much like the tightrope walker in
[link] . The strand sags at an angle of
below the horizontal. Compare this with the tension in the vertical strand (find their ratio).
(a)
(b)
. This is 2.41 times the tension in the vertical strand.
Suppose a 60.0-kg gymnast climbs a rope. (a) What is the tension in the rope if he climbs at a constant speed? (b) What is the tension in the rope if he accelerates upward at a rate of
?
Show that, as stated in the text, a force
exerted on a flexible medium at its center and perpendicular to its length (such as on the tightrope wire in
[link] ) gives rise to a tension of magnitude
.
Newton’s second law applied in vertical direction gives
Consider the baby being weighed in
[link] . (a) What is the mass of the child and basket if a scale reading of 55 N is observed? (b) What is the tension
in the cord attaching the baby to the scale? (c) What is the tension
in the cord attaching the scale to the ceiling, if the scale has a mass of 0.500 kg? (d) Draw a sketch of the situation indicating the system of interest used to solve each part. The masses of the cords are negligible.
Astronomy (from Ancient Greek ἀστρονομία (astronomía) 'science that studies the laws of the stars') is a natural science that studies celestial objects and phenomena. It uses mathematics, physics, and chemistry in order to explain their origin and evolution.
Rafael
vjuvu
Elgoog
what is big bang theory?
Rosemary
what type of activity astronomer do?
Rosemary
No
Richard
the big bang theory is a theory which states that all matter was compressed together in one place the matter got so unstable it exploded releasing All its contents in the form of hydrogen
according to the theory of astronomers why the moon is always appear in an elliptical orbit?
Gatjuol
hi !!! I am new in astronomy....
I have so many questions in mind ....
all of scientists of the word they just give opinion only.
but they never think true or false ...
i respect all of them...
I believes whole universe depending
on true ...থিউরি
Govinda
hello
Jackson
hi
Elyana
we're all stars and galaxies a part of sun. how can science prove thx with respect old ancient times picture or books..or anything with respect to present time .but we r a part of that universe
there many theory to born universe but what is the reality of big bang theory to born universe
Asmit
what is the exact value of π?
Nagalakshmi
by big bang
universal
there are many theories regarding this it's on you believe any theory that you think is true ex. eternal inflation theory, oscillation model theory, multiple universe theory the big bang theory etc.
Aarya
I think after Big Bang!
Michele
from where on earth could u observe all the stars during the during the course of an year
is that so. the question was in the end of this chapter
Karuna
in theory, you could see them all from the equator (though over the course of a year, not at pne time). stars are measured in "declination", which is how far N or S of the equator (90* to -90*). Polaris is the North star, and is ALMOST 90* (+89*).
So it would just barely creep over the horizon.
Christopher
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