Calculate the energy emitted during nuclear decay.
The information presented in this section supports the following AP® learning objectives and science practices:
5.B.8.1 The student is able to describe emission or absorption spectra associated with electronic or nuclear transitions as transitions between allowed energy states of the atom in terms of the principle of energy conservation, including characterization of the frequency of radiation emitted or absorbed.
(S.P. 1.2, 7.2)
5.C.1.1 The student is able to analyze electric charge conservation for nuclear and elementary particle reactions and make predictions related to such reactions based upon conservation of charge.
(S.P. 6.4, 7.2)
5.C.2.1 The student is able to predict electric charges on objects within a system by application of the principle of charge conservation within a system.
(S.P. 6.4)
5.G.1.1 The student is able to apply conservation of nucleon number and conservation of electric charge to make predictions about nuclear reactions and decays such as fission, fusion, alpha decay, beta decay, or gamma decay.
(S.P. 6.4)
Nuclear
decay has provided an amazing window into the realm of the very small. Nuclear decay gave the first indication of the connection between mass and energy, and it revealed the existence of two of the four basic forces in nature. In this section, we explore the major modes of nuclear decay; and, like those who first explored them, we will discover evidence of previously unknown particles and conservation laws.
Some nuclides are stable, apparently living forever. Unstable nuclides decay (that is, they are radioactive), eventually producing a stable nuclide after many decays. We call the original nuclide the
parent and its decay products the
daughters . Some radioactive nuclides decay in a single step to a stable nucleus. For example,
is unstable and decays directly to
, which is stable. Others, such as
, decay to another unstable nuclide, resulting in a
decay series in which each subsequent nuclide decays until a stable nuclide is finally produced. The decay series that starts from
is of particular interest, since it produces the radioactive isotopes
and
, which the Curies first discovered (see
[link] ). Radon gas is also produced (
in the series), an increasingly recognized naturally occurring hazard. Since radon is a noble gas, it emanates from materials, such as soil, containing even trace amounts of
and can be inhaled. The decay of radon and its daughters produces internal damage. The
decay series ends with
, a stable isotope of lead.
Bacteria doesn't produce energy they are dependent upon their substrate in case of lack of nutrients they are able to make spores which helps them to sustain in harsh environments
_Adnan
But not all bacteria make spores, l mean Eukaryotic cells have Mitochondria which acts as powerhouse for them, since bacteria don't have it, what is the substitution for it?
Assimilatory nitrate reduction is a process that occurs in some microorganisms, such as bacteria and archaea, in which nitrate (NO3-) is reduced to nitrite (NO2-), and then further reduced to ammonia (NH3).
Elkana
This process is called assimilatory nitrate reduction because the nitrogen that is produced is incorporated in the cells of microorganisms where it can be used in the synthesis of amino acids and other nitrogen products
There are nothing like emergency disease but there are some common medical emergency which can occur simultaneously like Bleeding,heart attack,Breathing difficulties,severe pain heart stock.Hope you will get my point .Have a nice day ❣️
_Adnan
define infection ,prevention and control
Innocent
I think infection prevention and control is the avoidance of all things we do that gives out break of infections and promotion of health practices that promote life