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Making connections: take-home experiment—electrical energy use inventory

1) Make a list of the power ratings on a range of appliances in your home or room. Explain why something like a toaster has a higher rating than a digital clock. Estimate the energy consumed by these appliances in an average day (by estimating their time of use). Some appliances might only state the operating current. If the household voltage is 120 V, then use P = IV size 12{P = ital "IV"} {} . 2) Check out the total wattage used in the rest rooms of your school's floor or building. (You might need to assume the long fluorescent lights in use are rated at 32 W.) Suppose that the building was closed all weekend and that these lights were left on from 6 p.m. Friday until 8 a.m. Monday. What would this oversight cost? How about for an entire year of weekends?

Test prep for ap courses

The illustration shows a circuit drawn in a rectangle with a long and short parallel on the left and jagged line resistor labeled R on the right side. To the right of the circuit diagram is a graph with and arrow pointing up on the y axis and labeled E. The horizontal axis is represented by an arrow pointing to the right and labeled t. There is a straight diagonal line originating a the origin labeled 0 and ending at t1 on the x-axis (indicated with a dotted line going from t1 to the tip of the line) and E1 on the y-axis (also indicated with a dotted line).

The circuit shown contains a resistor R connected to a voltage supply. The graph shows the total energy E dissipated by the resistance as a function of time. Which of the following shows the corresponding graph for double resistance, i.e., if R is replaced by 2 R ?

  1. There are four graphs with the same x-axis (t) and y-axis (E) shown in figure Ch20S05. All four graphs have straight, diagonal lines ending at t1 (with a dotted line) on the x-axis. The slopes of the line vary; however because they end at different values on the y-axis. Graph A has the steepest slope and the y-ending value for the line is 2E1. Graph B has the second steepest slope and the y-ending value is E1. Graph C's slope is less steep still and ends at E1 over 2. Graph D has the flattest slop and ends at E1 over 4.
  2. There are four graphs with the same x-axis (t) and y-axis (E) shown in figure Ch20S05. All four graphs have straight, diagonal lines ending at t1 (with a dotted line) on the x-axis. The slopes of the line vary; however because they end at different values on the y-axis. Graph A has the steepest slope and the y-ending value for the line is 2E1. Graph B has the second steepest slope and the y-ending value is E1. Graph C's slope is less steep still and ends at E1 over 2. Graph D has the flattest slop and ends at E1 over 4.
  3. There are four graphs with the same x-axis (t) and y-axis (E) shown in figure Ch20S05. All four graphs have straight, diagonal lines ending at t1 (with a dotted line) on the x-axis. The slopes of the line vary; however because they end at different values on the y-axis. Graph A has the steepest slope and the y-ending value for the line is 2E1. Graph B has the second steepest slope and the y-ending value is E1. Graph C's slope is less steep still and ends at E1 over 2. Graph D has the flattest slop and ends at E1 over 4.
  4. There are four graphs with the same x-axis (t) and y-axis (E) shown in figure Ch20S05. All four graphs have straight, diagonal lines ending at t1 (with a dotted line) on the x-axis. The slopes of the line vary; however because they end at different values on the y-axis. Graph A has the steepest slope and the y-ending value for the line is 2E1. Graph B has the second steepest slope and the y-ending value is E1. Graph C's slope is less steep still and ends at E1 over 2. Graph D has the flattest slop and ends at E1 over 4.
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What will be the ratio of the resistance of a 120 W, 220 V lamp to that of a 100 W, 110 V lamp?

10:3 or 3.33

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Section summary

  • Electric power P size 12{P} {} is the rate (in watts) that energy is supplied by a source or dissipated by a device.
  • Three expressions for electrical power are
    P = IV, size 12{P = ital "IV,"} {}
    P = V 2 R , size 12{P = { {V rSup { size 8{2} } } over {R} } ","} {}

    and

    P = I 2 R . size 12{P = I rSup { size 8{2} } R"."} {}
  • The energy used by a device with a power P size 12{P} {} over a time t size 12{t} {} is E = Pt size 12{E = ital "Pt"} {} .

Conceptual questions

Why do incandescent lightbulbs grow dim late in their lives, particularly just before their filaments break?

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The power dissipated in a resistor is given by P = V 2 / R size 12{P = V rSup { size 8{2} } /R} {} , which means power decreases if resistance increases. Yet this power is also given by P = I 2 R size 12{P = I rSup { size 8{2} } R} {} , which means power increases if resistance increases. Explain why there is no contradiction here.

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Problem exercises

What is the power of a 1.00 × 10 2 MV lightning bolt having a current of 2.00 × 10 4 A ?

2 . 00 × 10 12 W size 12{2 "." "00"´"10" rSup { size 8{"12"} } " W"} {}

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What power is supplied to the starter motor of a large truck that draws 250 A of current from a 24.0-V battery hookup?

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A charge of 4.00 C of charge passes through a pocket calculator's solar cells in 4.00 h. What is the power output, given the calculator's voltage output is 3.00 V? (See [link] .)

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Photograph of a small calculator having a strip of solar cells just above the keys.
The strip of solar cells just above the keys of this calculator convert light to electricity to supply its energy needs. (credit: Evan-Amos, Wikimedia Commons)

How many watts does a flashlight that has 6.00 × 10 2 C pass through it in 0.500 h use if its voltage is 3.00 V?

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Find the power dissipated in each of these extension cords: (a) an extension cord having a 0 . 0600 - Ω size 12{0 "." "0600-" %OMEGA } {} resistance and through which 5.00 A is flowing; (b) a cheaper cord utilizing thinner wire and with a resistance of 0 . 300 Ω . size 12{0 "." "300" %OMEGA } {}

(a) 1.50 W

(b) 7.50 W

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Verify that the units of a volt-ampere are watts, as implied by the equation P = IV size 12{P = ital "IV"} {} .

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Show that the units 1 V 2 / Ω = 1 W size 12{1" V" rSup { size 8{2} } / %OMEGA =1" W"} {} , as implied by the equation P = V 2 / R size 12{P = V rSup { size 8{2} } /R} {} .

V 2 Ω = V 2 V/A = AV = C s J C = J s = 1 W

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Show that the units 1 A 2 Ω = 1 W size 12{1" V" rSup { size 8{2} } / %OMEGA =1" W"} {} , as implied by the equation P = I 2 R size 12{P = I rSup { size 8{2} } R} {} .

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Verify the energy unit equivalence that 1 kW h = 3 . 60 × 10 6 J size 12{1" kW" cdot "h = 3" "." "60"´"10" rSup { size 8{6} } " J"} {} .

1 kW h= 1 × 10 3 J 1 s 1 h 3600 s 1 h = 3 . 60 × 10 6 J size 12{1" kW" cdot "h=" left ( { {1 times "10" rSup { size 8{3} } " J"} over {"1 s"} } right ) left (1" h" right ) left ( { {"3600"" s"} over {"1 h"} } right )=3 "." "60" times "10" rSup { size 8{6} } " J"} {}

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Questions & Answers

A golfer on a fairway is 70 m away from the green, which sits below the level of the fairway by 20 m. If the golfer hits the ball at an angle of 40° with an initial speed of 20 m/s, how close to the green does she come?
Aislinn Reply
cm
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A mouse of mass 200 g falls 100 m down a vertical mine shaft and lands at the bottom with a speed of 8.0 m/s. During its fall, how much work is done on the mouse by air resistance
Jude Reply
Can you compute that for me. Ty
Jude
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David Reply
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what is inorganic
emma
Chemistry is a branch of science that deals with the study of matter,it composition,it structure and the changes it undergoes
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chemistry could also be understood like the sexual attraction/repulsion of the male and female elements. the reaction varies depending on the energy differences of each given gender. + masculine -female.
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A ball is thrown straight up.it passes a 2.0m high window 7.50 m off the ground on it path up and takes 1.30 s to go past the window.what was the ball initial velocity
Krampah Reply
2. A sled plus passenger with total mass 50 kg is pulled 20 m across the snow (0.20) at constant velocity by a force directed 25° above the horizontal. Calculate (a) the work of the applied force, (b) the work of friction, and (c) the total work.
Sahid Reply
you have been hired as an espert witness in a court case involving an automobile accident. the accident involved car A of mass 1500kg which crashed into stationary car B of mass 1100kg. the driver of car A applied his brakes 15 m before he skidded and crashed into car B. after the collision, car A s
Samuel Reply
can someone explain to me, an ignorant high school student, why the trend of the graph doesn't follow the fact that the higher frequency a sound wave is, the more power it is, hence, making me think the phons output would follow this general trend?
Joseph Reply
Nevermind i just realied that the graph is the phons output for a person with normal hearing and not just the phons output of the sound waves power, I should read the entire thing next time
Joseph
Follow up question, does anyone know where I can find a graph that accuretly depicts the actual relative "power" output of sound over its frequency instead of just humans hearing
Joseph
"Generation of electrical energy from sound energy | IEEE Conference Publication | IEEE Xplore" ***ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7150687?reload=true
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progressive wave
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A string is 3.00 m long with a mass of 5.00 g. The string is held taut with a tension of 500.00 N applied to the string. A pulse is sent down the string. How long does it take the pulse to travel the 3.00 m of the string?
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Who can show me the full solution in this problem?
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Source:  OpenStax, College physics for ap® courses. OpenStax CNX. Nov 04, 2016 Download for free at https://legacy.cnx.org/content/col11844/1.14
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