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Sistem datoteka linux operativnog sistema

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Kratak opis sistema datoteka pod linuks operativnim sistemima.

Sistemi datoteka

Sistem datoteka ili (file sistem ) predstavlja skup metoda za čuvanje podataka. Da bi se kreirao sistem datoteka na čvrstom disku potrebno je njegovo formatiranje. Formatiranje diska može biti fizičo i logičko. Fizičko formatiranje vrše proizvođači diskova, pri čemu se kreiraju staze i sektori.

Logičkim formatiranjem dobija se sistem datoteka. Sistemi datoteka za Windows su FAT, FAT32 i NTFS a za Linux su minix. Ext2, ext3 JFS ...

Disk može biti izdeljen na više particija, a svaka particija može imati svoj sistem datoteka.

Slika 1.

Na slici 1 prikazan je disk kapaciteta 40GB podjeljen na pet particija:

/mnt/win_c sa NTFS sitemom datoteka

/mnt/win_d sa NTFS sitemom datoteka

/ sa ext3 sistemom datoteka

var/www sa ext3 sistemom datoteka

swap particija

Kod linuksa, particije se predstavljaju slovima kao odvojeni delovi sistema. Kod linuksa je sve datoteka, što znači da je particija hard diska uređaj predstavljen datotekom, koji se može ugraditi u neki deo sistema.

Linuks označava particije na sledeći način:

Prvi disk vezan sa ATA interfejsom označava se sa hda, a njegove particije redom hda1, hda2...

Drugi disk na prvoj IDE grani označava se sa hdb, a njegove particije sa hdb1,hdb2 itd.

Prvi disk na drugoj IDE grani označava se sa hdc

Drugi disk na drugoj IDE grani označava se sa hdd i tako dalje.h distribucija, pravilo u vezi početnog

Ako je disk vezan preko SCSI ili SATA interfejsa, prvi disk se označava sa sda, drugi sa sdb i tako redom

Disketna jedinica se označava sa fd0.

Kod novih distribucija, pravilo u vezi početnog slova se ne poštuje, pa se , nezavisno od vrste diskova, koristi notacija sa : sda, sdb itd. Takvu notaciju koristi i Mandriva linuks 2009 spring.

Slika 2.1 . Sa sda označen hard disk sa ATA interfejsom.

Slika 2.2. Sa sdb označen SATA disk povezan na matičnu ploču preko PCI adaptera.

Slika 2.3. USB fles oznacen sa sdc.

Čitav sistem se nalazi u okviru jednog glavnog direktorijuma, roota koji se označava sa /.Tipični direktorijumi koji se sreću kod većine distribucija su :

/bin – (skraćeno binary) sadrži binarne programe, koji predstavljaju osnovne sistemske datoteke, Mnoge linuks naredbe su u stvari programi koji se nalaze u tom direktorijumu.

/boot - datoteke koje učitavaju sistm

/dev – sadrži posebne datoteke koje se nazivaju datoteke uređaja i koriste za pristup različitim hardverskim komponentama u računaru.

/etc – konfiguracioni fajlovi

/home – osnovni direktorijum za početne korisničke direktorijume. On se u osnovi gradi kao poseban sistem datoteka da bi korisnici imali dovoljno mjesta za svoje datoteke.

/lib (library)- različite programske datoteke

/linux – izvorni kod

/mnt (mount) – sadrži spoljnje memorije i druge uređaje koji se predstavljaju kao dio jedinstvenog fajl-sistema.(kod novijih distribucija koristi se /media

/root lični direktorijum administratora

/var – različite promjenjive datoteke važne za rad (mejl, štampa), kao i dnevnici za različite servise i sam sistem

/usr - komponente instaliranih programa

/srv - datoteke različitih servisa (na primer veb servera)

Questions & Answers

Three charges q_{1}=+3\mu C, q_{2}=+6\mu C and q_{3}=+8\mu C are located at (2,0)m (0,0)m and (0,3) coordinates respectively. Find the magnitude and direction acted upon q_{2} by the two other charges.Draw the correct graphical illustration of the problem above showing the direction of all forces.
Kate Reply
To solve this problem, we need to first find the net force acting on charge q_{2}. The magnitude of the force exerted by q_{1} on q_{2} is given by F=\frac{kq_{1}q_{2}}{r^{2}} where k is the Coulomb constant, q_{1} and q_{2} are the charges of the particles, and r is the distance between them.
Muhammed
What is the direction and net electric force on q_{1}= 5µC located at (0,4)r due to charges q_{2}=7mu located at (0,0)m and q_{3}=3\mu C located at (4,0)m?
Kate Reply
what is the change in momentum of a body?
Eunice Reply
what is a capacitor?
Raymond Reply
Capacitor is a separation of opposite charges using an insulator of very small dimension between them. Capacitor is used for allowing an AC (alternating current) to pass while a DC (direct current) is blocked.
Gautam
A motor travelling at 72km/m on sighting a stop sign applying the breaks such that under constant deaccelerate in the meters of 50 metres what is the magnitude of the accelerate
Maria Reply
please solve
Sharon
8m/s²
Aishat
What is Thermodynamics
Muordit
velocity can be 72 km/h in question. 72 km/h=20 m/s, v^2=2.a.x , 20^2=2.a.50, a=4 m/s^2.
Mehmet
A boat travels due east at a speed of 40meter per seconds across a river flowing due south at 30meter per seconds. what is the resultant speed of the boat
Saheed Reply
50 m/s due south east
Someone
which has a higher temperature, 1cup of boiling water or 1teapot of boiling water which can transfer more heat 1cup of boiling water or 1 teapot of boiling water explain your . answer
Ramon Reply
I believe temperature being an intensive property does not change for any amount of boiling water whereas heat being an extensive property changes with amount/size of the system.
Someone
Scratch that
Someone
temperature for any amount of water to boil at ntp is 100⁰C (it is a state function and and intensive property) and it depends both will give same amount of heat because the surface available for heat transfer is greater in case of the kettle as well as the heat stored in it but if you talk.....
Someone
about the amount of heat stored in the system then in that case since the mass of water in the kettle is greater so more energy is required to raise the temperature b/c more molecules of water are present in the kettle
Someone
definitely of physics
Haryormhidey Reply
how many start and codon
Esrael Reply
what is field
Felix Reply
physics, biology and chemistry this is my Field
ALIYU
field is a region of space under the influence of some physical properties
Collete
what is ogarnic chemistry
WISDOM Reply
determine the slope giving that 3y+ 2x-14=0
WISDOM
Another formula for Acceleration
Belty Reply
a=v/t. a=f/m a
IHUMA
innocent
Adah
pratica A on solution of hydro chloric acid,B is a solution containing 0.5000 mole ofsodium chlorid per dm³,put A in the burret and titrate 20.00 or 25.00cm³ portion of B using melting orange as the indicator. record the deside of your burret tabulate the burret reading and calculate the average volume of acid used?
Nassze Reply
how do lnternal energy measures
Esrael
Two bodies attract each other electrically. Do they both have to be charged? Answer the same question if the bodies repel one another.
JALLAH Reply
No. According to Isac Newtons law. this two bodies maybe you and the wall beside you. Attracting depends on the mass och each body and distance between them.
Dlovan
Are you really asking if two bodies have to be charged to be influenced by Coulombs Law?
Robert
like charges repel while unlike charges atttact
Raymond
What is specific heat capacity
Destiny Reply
Specific heat capacity is a measure of the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of a substance by one degree Celsius (or Kelvin). It is measured in Joules per kilogram per degree Celsius (J/kg°C).
AI-Robot
specific heat capacity is the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of a substance by one degree Celsius or kelvin
ROKEEB
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Source:  OpenStax, Mandriva 2009 spring. OpenStax CNX. Feb 28, 2013 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11494/1.2
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