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This manuscript has been peer-reviewed, accepted, and endorsed by the National Council of Professors of Educational Administration (NCPEA) as a significant contribution to the scholarship and practice of education administration. In addition to publication in the Connexions Content Commons, this module is published in the International Journal of Educational Leadership Preparation , Volume 5, Number 1 (January – March 2010). Formatted and edited in Connexions by Julia Stanka, Texas A&M University.

Immigration in the united states and spain: consideration for educational leaders

Acknowledgments

This book was germinated a result of a recent academic symposium in Spain. At that time, the editors reflected on how wonderful it would be to disseminate the most critical components affecting immigration in the world today via print form. The first great effort was a book printed in Spanish with Toma Calvo Buezas as the editor. The editors of this current book worked with several of the symposium presenters to develop a book in English that would be of interest to not only leaders, educators, and/or academicians, but also to a broader readership.

It is important for us to bring this text to the public in an open access format. Knowledge is to be shared for the generation of thought and action, and we believe that it can be shared in a free market and open access. Without that, knowledge is limited to only those who can afford the printed text. The Rice University Connexions Project and the National Council of Professors of Educational Administration (NCPEA) have worked together to provide such access in an online venue. We first acknowledge the work that these two entities have done to open the knowledge base to the world. The people behind this work who introduced us to Connexions are Rich Baraniuk from Rice University and Theodore (Ted) Creighton from Virginia Tech (when we were first introduced to this concept, Ted was at Sam Houston State University and was Executive Director of the NCPEA). We thank you guys for this tremendously genius vision.

We acknowledge all the people who have helped us get this book finalized and placed in Connexions. In particular, we thank Jane Xhang, Graduate Assistant, Department of Educational Leadership and Counseling in the College of Education at Sam Houston State University, for her help in putting together the papers in the initial phases. We appreciate the assistance of Adriana Morales, Bilingual Programs Assistant in the Department of Educational Psychology, College of Education and Human Development at Texas A&M University for helping with translations or communication with the authors. Finally, we are indebted to Julia Stanka, Research Associate in the Bilingual Programs at Texas A&M University. Julia actually served in the capacity of an assistant editor for this book, and was the architect of the chapter designs in NCPEA Connexions. She spent countless hours helping us bring this book to fruition; it was our pleasure to work with her on this project.

We thank the authors and their valuable insights on international immigration issues. Their scholarly opinions and work are expressed openly herein, and each has provided the rich reading content in their respective chapters. Finally, we acknowledge the readers of the book and hope that within this text, they will find intellectual stimulation and a challenge to action related to immigrant issues around the world.

Editors

Rafael Lara-Alecio

Beverly J. Irby

Tomás Calvo-Buezas

Tito Guerrero

Preface

Tomás Calvo-Buezas

Part one: hispanics in the unites states, immigrants in spain

Dr. rogelio saenz&Carlos siordia

The changing demography of Latino immigrants in the United States: From 1980 to Present

Dr. nicolás bajo santos

Strategies and processes of adaptation in immigration

Dr. héctor luis díaz

The socio-economic development of Hispanics in the United States: In search of a theory.

Dr. tomás calvo buezas

The emigration of foreign workers to Spain: A new and relevant phenomenon in the history of Spain

Ildefonso gutiérrez azopardo

A reflection: The other faces of immigration

Dr. beverly j. irby and dr. rafael lara-alecio

Upon the schoolhouse steps: Immigration and education

Part two:education for immigrant children

Kelly chaudry

Bilingual Education: Past, present, future

Secundino valladares

Diglossia, assimilation, and bilingualism among the Hispanics of the United States

María antonia casanova

Education of migrant students in the community of Madrid

Dr. isabel gentil garcía

Immigrants in a municipality near Madrid: Teaching Spanish and Health Education

Juan josé jiménez garcía

My experience as a professor in an Institute with immigrants in Extremadura

Dr. josé luis calvo buezas

Knowledge of the language, the learning, and the intercultural coexistence

Part three: the political struggle of hispanics in the united states

Dr. josé ángel gutiérrez

The Chicano movement: dead or alive?

Dr. orlando rodriguez

The criminal justice system as an assimilation milieu for the Hispanic immigrant

Dr. alejandro del carmen

The threat of terrorism in the United States: The emotional answer of a nation in war

Dr. roberto r. treviño

Racial attitudes and religious social work: The Texas-Mexican and the U.S. Catholic Church.

Father josé gil marqués

A reflection: Function of the religiousness in the Hispanic community in the U.S. and its comparison with Spain

Part four: social, cultural, and religions issue

Dr. domingo barbolla camarero

Faith as an instrument of integration in Islamic immigrants: The case of Extremadura (Spain), a new civilization

Dr. carlos junquera rubio

Immigration and religion: Rituals alive today in Peru and Spain

Dr. carlota solé and dr. sonia parella

Non-communitarian immigrant women in the work market in Spain

Dr. juan luis recio adrados

AIDS prevention among Latino teens: The role of family acculturation

Dr. juan josé garcía

A reflection on the expansion of mass media in Spanish in the United States: The success story of La Opinión of Los Angeles

Dr. tito guerrero iii

The Changing Hispanic/Latino Population in Texas and the United States

Questions & Answers

how does Neisseria cause meningitis
Nyibol Reply
what is microbiologist
Muhammad Reply
what is errata
Muhammad
is the branch of biology that deals with the study of microorganisms.
Ntefuni Reply
What is microbiology
Mercy Reply
studies of microbes
Louisiaste
when we takee the specimen which lumbar,spin,
Ziyad Reply
How bacteria create energy to survive?
Muhamad Reply
Bacteria doesn't produce energy they are dependent upon their substrate in case of lack of nutrients they are able to make spores which helps them to sustain in harsh environments
_Adnan
But not all bacteria make spores, l mean Eukaryotic cells have Mitochondria which acts as powerhouse for them, since bacteria don't have it, what is the substitution for it?
Muhamad
they make spores
Louisiaste
what is sporadic nd endemic, epidemic
Aminu Reply
the significance of food webs for disease transmission
Abreham
food webs brings about an infection as an individual depends on number of diseased foods or carriers dully.
Mark
explain assimilatory nitrate reduction
Esinniobiwa Reply
Assimilatory nitrate reduction is a process that occurs in some microorganisms, such as bacteria and archaea, in which nitrate (NO3-) is reduced to nitrite (NO2-), and then further reduced to ammonia (NH3).
Elkana
This process is called assimilatory nitrate reduction because the nitrogen that is produced is incorporated in the cells of microorganisms where it can be used in the synthesis of amino acids and other nitrogen products
Elkana
Examples of thermophilic organisms
Shu Reply
Give Examples of thermophilic organisms
Shu
advantages of normal Flora to the host
Micheal Reply
Prevent foreign microbes to the host
Abubakar
they provide healthier benefits to their hosts
ayesha
They are friends to host only when Host immune system is strong and become enemies when the host immune system is weakened . very bad relationship!
Mark
what is cell
faisal Reply
cell is the smallest unit of life
Fauziya
cell is the smallest unit of life
Akanni
ok
Innocent
cell is the structural and functional unit of life
Hasan
is the fundamental units of Life
Musa
what are emergency diseases
Micheal Reply
There are nothing like emergency disease but there are some common medical emergency which can occur simultaneously like Bleeding,heart attack,Breathing difficulties,severe pain heart stock.Hope you will get my point .Have a nice day ❣️
_Adnan
define infection ,prevention and control
Innocent
I think infection prevention and control is the avoidance of all things we do that gives out break of infections and promotion of health practices that promote life
Lubega
Heyy Lubega hussein where are u from?
_Adnan
en français
Adama
which site have a normal flora
ESTHER Reply
Many sites of the body have it Skin Nasal cavity Oral cavity Gastro intestinal tract
Safaa
skin
Asiina
skin,Oral,Nasal,GIt
Sadik
How can Commensal can Bacteria change into pathogen?
Sadik
How can Commensal Bacteria change into pathogen?
Sadik
all
Tesfaye
by fussion
Asiina
what are the advantages of normal Flora to the host
Micheal
what are the ways of control and prevention of nosocomial infection in the hospital
Micheal
what is inflammation
Shelly Reply
part of a tissue or an organ being wounded or bruised.
Wilfred
what term is used to name and classify microorganisms?
Micheal Reply
Binomial nomenclature
adeolu
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Source:  OpenStax, Immigration in the united states and spain: consideration for educational leaders. OpenStax CNX. Dec 20, 2009 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11150/1.1
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