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- end this section with the legs, ankles and feet

  • Posture
  • posture must allow the free and expressive use of voice, speech and movement

- focus on keeping shoulders straight, the abdomen from protruding, on breath control, etc.

  • Breathing and Voice
  • good breathing is a fundamental requirement for voice production
  • all breathing exercises should be preceded by relaxation
  • the requirements for good voice production are relaxation, good posture, a plentiful supply of breath, controlled use of breathing by diaphragm and intercostal muscles, relaxed and unconstricted oral and pharyngeal resonators, and the formation of sounds well forward in the mouth to avoid a throaty tone and to assist projection

- breathing must be done with the chest, by expanding the rib cage, and with the diaphragm

Example of a basic warm up

  • Stand in a centred, aligned position.
  • Let your shoulders drop, roll them, circle them.
  • Swing your arms around.
  • Drop your head to your chest.
  • Roll it around on your neck.
  • Tense up all your face muscles, then relax them.
  • Repeat eight times.
  • Massage your face.
  • Stretch your face muscles.
  • Rotate your jaw, making sighing sounds.
  • Stretch your whole body in every direction, yawning loudly.
  • Repeat eight times.
  • Swing various parts of your body in rhythm to your breathing.
  • Stick your tongue out as far as possible.
  • Try to push the whole tongue out.
  • Bounce on the spot.
  • Shake every part of your body.
  • Shake your hands from the wrists as hard as you can, for a while.
  • Reach and stretch one arm after the other towards the ceiling.
  • Repeat eight times.
  • Shout out a few lines of text as loudly as possible.
  • Shout out a few lines as rapidly as possible.
  • Shout out a few lines as slowly as possible.
  • Articulate assorted tongue twisters while enhancing their contents as physically as possible.
  • Examples of Tongue-twisters
  • Five pleasant pheasant pluckers
  • The sixth sheik’s sixth sheep’s sick.
  • Does your shirt shop stock socks with spots?
  • I bought a box of biscuits, a box of mixed biscuits, and a biscuit mixer.

- I slit the sheet and the sheet slit me – slitten was the sheet that was slit by me.

Activity 2

Please keep the following background information in mind when you prepare for this module. It is important that the learners get to know the concepts they are going to work with to do this module well.

Background on Popular Culture

  • Popular culture is any dance, literary, musical, theatrical, or other art form intended to be received and appreciated by ordinary people in a literate, technologically advanced society dominated by urban culture.
  • Popular art in the 20 th century is usually dependent on such technologies of reproduction or distribution as television, printing, photography, digital compact disc and tape recording, motion pictures, radio and videos or DVD’s.
  • By the late 20 th century, television had unquestionably become the dominant vehicle for popular art and entertainment.
  • Motion pictures are also an important medium of popular art but, in contrast to television, can more often attain the enduring significance and appeal of works belonging to the fine or elite arts.

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Source:  OpenStax, Arts and culture grade 8. OpenStax CNX. Sep 12, 2009 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11046/1.1
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