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El naturalista americano Wilson Bentley (1865-1931) dedico 40 inviernos de su vida al estudio de los minúsculos cristales que se aglomeran para formar los copos de nieve. Bentley fue un granjero autodidacto que vivió en Jericho, (Vermont, USA), y que acabó siendo un extraordinario pionero en el campo de la microfotografía. Llegó a fotografiar más de cinco mil cristales de nieve adaptando un microscopio a una cámara fotográfica de las de entonces. Impresionado por la belleza de esas frágiles formaciones de un día (milagros de belleza, como él los llamaba), Bentley se dedicó a examinarlas con detalle. Nunca llegó a encontrar dos exactamente iguales. Sin embargo, a pesar de sus irrepetibles formas, a pesar de las diferentes morfologías, todos los cristales poseen la misma simetría. La razón se encuentra en su estructura cristalina, en el modo en el que las moléculas de agua interaccionan a escala atómica para formar el hielo. Cuando, mediante técnicas de difracción de rayos X, se llegó a establecer la geometría de dicha interacción se pudo comprobar que presentaba la misma simetría que se plasma finalmente en cada cristal.

Copos de Nieve

No hay dos cristales de nieve iguales pero la simetría de todos es la misma (de aspecto hexagonal aunque desde un punto de vista estrictamente cristalográfico, trigonal). La razón se encuentra en la estructura cristalina del hielo (mostrada en color en el centro) que tiene exactamente la misma simetría y la transmite a los cristales.

Así pues, la simetría es la misma porque la impone la estructura interna de enlace entre átomos y moléculas, pero, ¿por qué la forma de cada uno de los cristalitos es diferente a la de los demás?. La respuesta a esta pregunta reside en las condiciones en las que crecen esos cristales de hielo. No crecen lentamente, en condiciones ideales de equilibrio sino que cristalizan de forma relativamente rápida dando lugar a un crecimiento dendrítico, con formas típicamente arborescentes pero con detalles específicos que dependen de las condiciones locales en las que cada cristal creció. En definitiva, las diferencias entre cristales nos recuerdan que cada uno tiene su propia historia que contar.

Questions & Answers

how does Neisseria cause meningitis
Nyibol Reply
what is microbiologist
Muhammad Reply
what is errata
Muhammad
is the branch of biology that deals with the study of microorganisms.
Ntefuni Reply
What is microbiology
Mercy Reply
studies of microbes
Louisiaste
when we takee the specimen which lumbar,spin,
Ziyad Reply
How bacteria create energy to survive?
Muhamad Reply
Bacteria doesn't produce energy they are dependent upon their substrate in case of lack of nutrients they are able to make spores which helps them to sustain in harsh environments
_Adnan
But not all bacteria make spores, l mean Eukaryotic cells have Mitochondria which acts as powerhouse for them, since bacteria don't have it, what is the substitution for it?
Muhamad
they make spores
Louisiaste
what is sporadic nd endemic, epidemic
Aminu Reply
the significance of food webs for disease transmission
Abreham
food webs brings about an infection as an individual depends on number of diseased foods or carriers dully.
Mark
explain assimilatory nitrate reduction
Esinniobiwa Reply
Assimilatory nitrate reduction is a process that occurs in some microorganisms, such as bacteria and archaea, in which nitrate (NO3-) is reduced to nitrite (NO2-), and then further reduced to ammonia (NH3).
Elkana
This process is called assimilatory nitrate reduction because the nitrogen that is produced is incorporated in the cells of microorganisms where it can be used in the synthesis of amino acids and other nitrogen products
Elkana
Examples of thermophilic organisms
Shu Reply
Give Examples of thermophilic organisms
Shu
advantages of normal Flora to the host
Micheal Reply
Prevent foreign microbes to the host
Abubakar
they provide healthier benefits to their hosts
ayesha
They are friends to host only when Host immune system is strong and become enemies when the host immune system is weakened . very bad relationship!
Mark
what is cell
faisal Reply
cell is the smallest unit of life
Fauziya
cell is the smallest unit of life
Akanni
ok
Innocent
cell is the structural and functional unit of life
Hasan
is the fundamental units of Life
Musa
what are emergency diseases
Micheal Reply
There are nothing like emergency disease but there are some common medical emergency which can occur simultaneously like Bleeding,heart attack,Breathing difficulties,severe pain heart stock.Hope you will get my point .Have a nice day ❣️
_Adnan
define infection ,prevention and control
Innocent
I think infection prevention and control is the avoidance of all things we do that gives out break of infections and promotion of health practices that promote life
Lubega
Heyy Lubega hussein where are u from?
_Adnan
en français
Adama
which site have a normal flora
ESTHER Reply
Many sites of the body have it Skin Nasal cavity Oral cavity Gastro intestinal tract
Safaa
skin
Asiina
skin,Oral,Nasal,GIt
Sadik
How can Commensal can Bacteria change into pathogen?
Sadik
How can Commensal Bacteria change into pathogen?
Sadik
all
Tesfaye
by fussion
Asiina
what are the advantages of normal Flora to the host
Micheal
what are the ways of control and prevention of nosocomial infection in the hospital
Micheal
what is inflammation
Shelly Reply
part of a tissue or an organ being wounded or bruised.
Wilfred
what term is used to name and classify microorganisms?
Micheal Reply
Binomial nomenclature
adeolu
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Source:  OpenStax, Curso de copos de nieve. OpenStax CNX. Feb 18, 2009 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col10651/1.5
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