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Wiskunde

Graad 9

Algebra en meetkunde

Module 6

Algebra van die vier basiese operasies

Aktiwiteit 1

Om die optelling– en aftrekkingsreëls van algebra te hersien

[lu 1.2, 1.6]

A Onthou jy nog wat terme is?

  • Terme word deur + of – geskei. Sê in elk van die volgende hoeveel terme daar is:

1. a + 5

2. 2a 2

3. 5a(a+1)

4. 3a 1 a 2 + 5a size 12{ { {3a - 1} over {a rSup { size 8{2} } } } +5a} {}

  • Versamel die gelyksoortige terme om elk van die volgende uitdrukkings te vereenvoudig:

1. 5a + 2a

2. 2a 2 + 3a – a 2

3. 3x – 6 + x + 11

4. 2a(a–1) – 2a 2

B Optel van uitdrukkings

  • Voorbeeld:

Tel 3x + 4 by x + 5. (x + 5) + (3x + 4) Skryf as som, met hakies.

x + 5 + 3x + 4 Verwyder hakies versigtig.

4x + 9 Versamel gelyksoortige terme.

Tel die twee gegewe uitdrukkings bymekaar:

1. 7a + 3 en a + 2

2. 5x – 2 en 6 – 3x

3. x + ½ en 4x – 3½

4. a 2 + 2a + 6 en a – 3 + a 2

5. 4a 2 – a – 3 en 1 + 3a – 5a 2

C Aftrek van uitdrukkings

  • Bestudeer die volgende voorbeelde sorgvuldig:

Trek 3x – 5 van 7x + 2 af.

(7x + 2) – (3x – 5) Let op: 3x – 5 is in tweede posisie, na die minus.

7x + 2 – 3x + 5 Die minus voor die hakie maak ‘n verskil!

4x + 7 Versamel gelyksoortige terme.

Bereken 5a – 1 minus 7a + 12: (5a – 1) – (7a + 12)

5a – 1 – 7a – 12

–2a – 13

D Gemengde probleme

  • Onthou om jou antwoorde volledig te vereenvoudig in die volgende oefening:

1. Tel 2a – 1 by 5a + 2.

2. Vind die som van 6x + 5 en 2 – 3x.

3. Wat is 3a – 2a 2 plus a 2 – 6a?

4. (x 2 + x) + (x + x 2 ) = . . .

5. Bereken (3a – 5) – (a – 2).

6. Trek 12a + 2 van 1 + 7a af.

7. Hoeveel is 4x 2 + 4x minder as 6x 2 – 13x?

8. Hoeveel is 4x 2 + 4x meer as 6x 2 – 13x?

9. Wat is die verskil tussen 8x + 3 en 2x +1?

  • Gebruik geskikte tegnieke om die volgende uitdrukkings te vereenvoudig:

1. x 2 + 5x 2 – 3x + 7x – 2 + 8

2. 7a 2 – 12a + 2a 2 – 5 + a – 3

3. (a 2 – 4) + (5a + 3) + (7a 2 + 4a)

4. (2x – x 2 ) – (4x 2 – 12) – (3x – 5)

5. (x 2 + 5x 2 – 3x) + (7x – 2 + 8)

6. 7a 2 – (12a + 2a 2 – 5) + a – 3

7. (a 2 – 4) + 5a + 3 + (7a 2 + 4a)

8. (2x – x 2 ) – 4x 2 – 12 – (3x – 5)

9. x 2 + 5x 2 – 3x + (7x – 2 + 8)

10. 7a 2 – 12a + 2a 2 – (5 + a – 3)

11. a 2 – 4 + 5a + 3 + 7a 2 + 4a

12. (2x – x 2 ) – [(4x 2 – 12) – (3x – 5)]

  • Hier is die antwoorde op die vorige 12 probleme:

1. 6x 2 + 4x + 6

2. 9a 2 – 11a – 8

3. 8a 2 + 9a – 1

4. – 5x 2 – x + 17

5. 6x 2 + 4x + 6

6. 5a 2 – 11a + 2

7. 8a 2 + 9a – 1

8. – 5x 2 – x – 7

9. 6x 2 + 4x + 6

10. 9a 2 – 13a – 2

11. 8a 2 + 9a – 1

12. – 5x 2 + 5x + 7

Aktiwiteit 2

Om sekere polinome (veelterme) te vermenigvuldig deur hakies en die distributiewe wet te gebruik

[lu 1.2, 1.6, 2.7]

‘n Mono miaal het een term; ‘n bi nomiaal het twee terme; ‘n tri nomiaal het drie terme. Ons noem hulle dikwels eenterme, tweeterme en drieterme.

A Vermenigvuldiging van eenterme .

Ons gebruik dikwels hakies.

  • Voorbeelde:

2a × 5a = 10a 2

3a 3 × 2a × 4a 2 = 24 a 6

4ab × 9a 2 × (–2a) × b = –36a 4 b 2

a × 2a × 4 × (3a 2 ) 3 = a × 2a × 4 × 3a 2 × 3a 2 × 3a 2 = 126a 8

(2ab 2 ) 3 × (a 2 bc) 2 × (2bc) 2 = (2ab 2 ) (2ab 2 ) (2ab 2 ) × (a 2 bc) (a 2 bc) × (2bc) (2bc) = 32a 7 b 10 c 4

Maak altyd seker dat jou antwoord in die eenvoudigste vorm is.

Oefening:

1. (3x) (5x 2 )

  1. (x 3 ) (–2x)
  2. (2x) 2 (4)
  3. (ax) 2 (bx 2 ) (cx 2 ) 2

B Eenterm × tweeterm

Hakies is noodsaaklik.

  • Voorbeelde:

5(2a + 1) beteken: vermenigvuldig 5 met 2a en ook met 1. 5 (2a + 1) = 10a + 5

Wees baie versigtig om nie tekenfoute te maak nie.

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Source:  OpenStax, Wiskunde graad 9. OpenStax CNX. Sep 14, 2009 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11055/1.1
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