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Natuurwetenskappe

Graad 5

Energie en verandering

Module 35

Elektrisiteit as 'n vorm van energie

Aktiwiteit 1:

Om elektrisiteit as 'n vorm van energie te kan bespreek

[lu 1.1.1; 1.2.1; 2.1; 3.1]

Die belangrikheid van elektrisiteit

In ons moderne samelewing is 'n lewe sonder elektrisiteit ondenkbaar.

Maak gerus 'n lys van aktiwiteite waarvoor jy of jou gesin daagliks elektrisiteit gebruik.

Almal sal waarskynlik die gebruik van lig op hulle lys hê. Kom ons kyk 'n bietjie na die gloeilampie wat ons almal so goed ken.

  • Die gloeilampie is 'n goeie voorbeeld van 'n uitvindsel wat die mens se lewenswyse drasties verander het. Dit is ongeveer 100 jaar gelede deur 'n persoon met die naam Thomas Alva Edison ontwerp.

Bring 'n gloeilampie skool toe om jou met die onderstaande taak te help.

  • As jy na 'n elektriese gloeilamp kyk, sal jy sien dat dit die dun draadjie of filament is wat gloei en die lig afgee. Die filament word van tungsten gemaak. Tungsten is 'n metaal wat nie maklik smelt wanneer dit warm word en gloei nie. Die gloeilamp bevat geen lug nie, maar wel 'n onskadelike gas, argon, wat verhoed dat die filament uitbrand.

Die tungstendraad moet baie lank en dun wees om so helder te kan gloei. Om hierdie lengte draad in 'n gloeilamp te pas, word dit dikwels in 'n draadklos opgerol. Hierdie klos word deur 'n stel ander drade gedra.

Die krag of sterkte van die gloeilamp word op die gloeilamp aangedui. Dit word in 'watt' gegee, bv. in huishoudelike gloeilampe 40W (flouste), 60W (algemeenste), 75W, 100W of 150W (sterkste).

Kyk nou na die gloeilamp wat jy saamgebring het.

  1. Die gloeilamp is ______ watt. Wat vertel dit jou?
  2. Hoe pas jou gloeilamp in die houer?
  3. Kyk na die smalste deel van die gloeilamp. By watter deel dring die krag die

gloeilamp binne?

  1. Waarvan is hierdie gedeelte gemaak?
  2. Waarom dink jy is die stutdrade deur middel van 'n glasstut van mekaar geskei?
  3. Die tungstenfilament is op 'n sekere manier gevorm en deur drade gesteun. Waarom?
  4. Skets jou gloeilamp en voorsien dit van die nodige byskrifte.

Die opwekking van elektrisiteit

Onthou dat ons elektrisiteit gebruik om ENERGIE te verkry.

Die voordeel van elektrisiteit is dat dit ons minder afhanklik van brandstowwe in die natuur maak. Hierdie brandstowwe is besig om vinnig uitgeput te raak. Kom ons kyk na 'n paar maniere waarop elektrisiteit opgewek kan word.

  • Die dinamo

'n Dinamo kan as 'n kragopwekker vir byvoorbeeld 'n fietsryer dien sodat hy sy roete in die aand kan verlig. Doen navorsing en verduidelik kortliks hoe hierdie dinamo werk. Onthou om te sê waar die energie vandaan kom.

  • Opwekking van elektrisiteit met behulp van waterstrome

'n Hidroëlektriese kragsentrale maak gebruik van bewegende water vir die opwekking van elektrisiteit. Die water word met pype gelei om turbines te laat draai. Die turbine laat kragopwekkers (amper soos die dinamo van die fiets) draai. Hoe groter die druk of krag van die water wat deur die pype vloei, hoe meer krag word opgewek. Daar word dus seker gemaak dat daar genoeg water opdam deur middel van damwalle in riviere. Water gaar agter die damwal op.

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Source:  OpenStax, Natuurwetenskappe graad 5. OpenStax CNX. Sep 23, 2009 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col10980/1.2
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