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Natuurwetenskappe

Graad 9

Plante: van bou tot genetika

Module 29

Plantorgane: blomme

Blomplante (Angiosperme) is die volopste en suksesvolste plantgroep op aarde. Die geheim lê deels in die manier waarop hulle hulself voortplant. Die sleutel tot hierdie geheim lê in die bou en werking van blomme. Die feit dat hierdie voortplantingsmetode ook GESLAGTELIK is, maak dit nog meer suksesvol.

Die blom is dus ‘n struktuur waar beide manlike en vroulike strukture van die plant teenwoordig is. Soms is dit wel in aparte blomme, maar meestal saam in een tweeslagtige blom.

Aktiwiteit 1:

Om blomme as voortplantingstrukture te kan beskryf

[lu 2.2; 2.3]

Opdrag 1:

  1. Neem ‘n blom en sny dit in die lengte deur. Die Petunia is ‘n goeie voorbeeld. Maak ‘n skets van die blom om al sy dele te toon (sonder byskrifte).
  1. Noem die funksies van elk van die volgende (soek dit op of vra jou onderwyser om te help):
Helmknop:
Helmdraad:
Stempel:
Styl:
Vrugbeginsel:
Saadknop:
Kroonblaar:
Kelkblaar:
Meeldraad:
Stamper:
Blomsteel:
  1. Probeer nou al die dele by no. 2 op jou skets by no. 1 aandui.

4. Beantwoord die volgende vrae:

Wat noem ons die groep plante wat blomme dra?

Is alle blomsoorte kleurvol? Verduidelik.

Ruik alle blomme geurig? Verduidelik.

Wat is die funksie van alle blomme?

Assessering van Sketse

Kon jy basiese verskille onderskei?

[LU 2.2; 2.3]

Aktiwiteit 2:

Om bestuiwing as 'n noodsaaklike proses in die voortplanting van blomplante te beskryf

[lu 1.1; 1.2; 1.3; 2.4]

Bestuiwing is die proses waardeur ‘n ryp stuifmeelkorrel moet land op ‘n ryp stempel van dieselfde soort plant.

Opdrag 1:

1. Hoekom moet die stuifmeelkorrel ryp wees?

2. Hoekom moet die stempel ryp en ontvanklik wees?

3. Hoekom moet dit dieselfde soort plant wees?

Elke plant se stuifmeelkorrelstruktuur is mikroskopies anders. Dit verseker dat ‘n stuifmeelkorrel amper soos ‘n slot in ‘n sleutel moet pas. Sodra ‘n ryp stuifmeelkorrel geland het, begin dit ontkiem.

Opdrag 2:

Doen ‘n bietjie naslaanwerk oor stuifmeelkorrels en stempels van verskillende soorte plante.

Stel ‘n sketsblad saam van die verskillende soorte wat jy kon opspoor.

Assessering van Naslaanwerk

Kon jy basiese verskille onderskei?

[LU 1.1; 1.2; 1.3]

Opdrag 2:

Ontwerp jou eie blom na aanleiding van die volgende leidrade.

Jou blom is ‘n eksotiese soort waarvan daar baie min is. Dit groei hoog in die berge waar daar omtrent geen insekte is nie. Dit moet staat maak op die wind om bestuiwing te bewerkstellig. Jou meganisme waarmee bestuiwing moet plaasvind, gaan absoluut bepaal hoe jou blom se bou gaan lyk.

Assessering van Ontwerp

Kon jy basiese verskille onderskei?

[LU 2.4]

Aktiwiteit 3:

Om bevrugting as 'n noodsaaklike proses in die voortplanting van blomplante te beskryf

[lu 2.1; 2.2]

Ons het reeds genoem dat daar twee hoofprosesse is wat moet plaasvind: bestuiwing en bevrugting. Ons weet nou wat bestuiwing is en dat die uiteindelike mikpunt is om by die ryp saadknoppe uit te kom en dit te bevrug.

Bevrugting is die samesmelting van die spesiale kerninhoude (gamete) van ‘n stuifmeelkorrel en ‘n saadknop

Die kerninhoud waarna verwys word, is spesiale molekules met ‘n kode of “plan” van hoe die nuwe plant moet lyk. Ons noem dit die chromatiennetwerk en dit bestaan uit die molekule wat bekend is as DNA. Jy sal later leer waarvoor dit presies staan.

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Source:  OpenStax, Natuurwetenskappe graad 9. OpenStax CNX. Sep 15, 2009 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11068/1.1
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