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Wiskunde

Nog meetkunde, datahantering en waarskynlikheid

Opvoeders afdeling

Memorandum

10.2.2 (a) 60

(c) 17

33

16

5

24

10.2.6

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Leerders afdeling

Inhoud

Aktiwiteit: data en statistiek [lu 5.7, lu 5.9, lu 5.5]

9 DATA EN STATISTIEK

9.1 Klas bespreking

  • Presies wat is “data” en “statistiek”?
  • Waarvoor gebruik ons dit?
  • Waar kry ons die inliging?
  • Hoe kan ons die inligting wat bekom is, voorstel?

9.2 Nog iets om te bespreek

  • Verdeel in groepe van 3. Hoe sou julle die volgende vrae kan beantwoord?

a) Wat is die gemiddelde lengte van ’n seun in gr. 7 in Suid-Afrika?

b) Na watter TV-program kyk gr. 7-dogters in Suid-Afrika die graagste?

c) Watter soort aartappelskyfies is Suid-Afrikaners se gunsteling?

d) Hoeveel leerders in die Wes-Kaap speel tennis?

e) Wat is die gemiddelde massa van die gr. 7-opvoeders in jul skool?

f) Wat is die gemiddelde ouderdom van die gr. 7-leerders in jul skool?

10. TEL EN GROEPERING VAN DATA

10.1.1 Het jy geweet?

Soms is dit baie moeilik om inligting te kry van die hele groep wat jy moes ondervra (sien bv. 9.2 (c) hierbo) Daarom word daar dikwels net ’n deel van die groep ondervra. Ons noem dit ’n steekproef of ’n steekproeftrekking.

As jy ’n steekproef maak, moet dit egter verteenwoordigend wees:

  • Jy moet genoeg mense ondervra
  • Jy moet ’n goeie verskeidenheid mense ondervra (ouderdom, geslag, ens.)

10.1.2 Klasbespreking:

  • Wie en hoeveel van hulle sal julle in ’n steekproef ondervra om die volgende uit te vind? Onthou: julle wil realistiese antwoorde hê!

a) Wat die gunsteling sportsoort vir meisies in julle skool is;

b) Wat Afrikaanssprekende Suid-Afrikaners se gunsteling tydskrif is;

c) Wat die mees algemene siekte/kwaal is waaraan persone ouer as 50 jaar in Suid-Afrika ly.

10.2.1 Kyk na die volgende data wat tydens ’n steekproef ingesamel is. Dit dui die ouderdomme van sekretaresses aan:

32 24 25 18 23 25 26 19 33 30 21 24
23 23 26 25 22 21 24 18 18 22 20 18
19 32 30 22 21 20 20 20 22 23 21 24
26 28 29 24 23 21 18 24 23 27 26 29
24 19 20 25 29 26 24 18 28 17 25 22

10.2.2 Beantwoord die volgende vrae:

a) Hoeveel sekretaresses is in die steekproef ondervra?

b) Werk saam met ’n maat. Hoe kan julle die inligting sinvol organiseer/ groepeer? Gee terugvoering aan die klas!

c) Voltooi:

  • die jongste sekretaresse is __________________________________ jaar oud.
  • die oudste sekretaresse is ____________________________________ jaar oud.
  • verskil tussen die oudste en jongste sekretaresse is _____ jaar.
  • ________________________________________ sekretaresses is mondig.
  • die grootste aantal sekretaresses met dieselfde ouderdom is _____ jaar oud.

10.2.3 Het jy geweet?

Een manier om inligting te organiseer, is deur middel van ’n “ stingel-en-blaar ”-diagram.

Stingel Blaar
(tiene) (ene)
3 2 ; 3; 0 ; ens.
1 8 ; 9 ; 8 ; 8 ; ens.

Die eerste ry is dus 32 ; 33 ; 30 ; ens.

10.2.4 Kry die massa van 15 van jou klasmaats. Stel die data voor deur middel van ’n stingel-en-blaar-diagram.

10.2.5 Het jy ook geweet?

Jy kan die data tel deur strepies te trek en ’n kerfstok-tabel op te stel. Elke vyfde strepie kruis die vorige 4. Die getalle sal dus so lyk:

een: I

twee: II

drie: III

vier: IIII

vyf: IIII

10.2.3 Gebruik die onderstaande inligting in verband met Gr. 7-dogters se punte uit 30 en voltooi die tabel:

24 28 26 24 24 26 22 20 24 26 28 28 24 18 20
22 22 24 20 20 26 28 30 28 30 28 24 24 22 16
Punt “Kerfstok” Totaal
16 I 1
18 I 1
20 III __________
22 __________ __________
24 __________ __________
26 __________ __________
28 __________ __________
30 __________ __________

Assessering

Leeruitkomste 5: Die leerder is in staat om data te versamel, op te som, voor te stel en krities te ontleed om gevolgtrekkings en voorspellings te maak en om toevallige variasie te interpreteer en te bepaal.

Assesseringstandaard 5.5: Dit is duidelik wanneer die leerder data organiseer (en groepeer ook, waar gepas) en aanteken deur tellings, tabelle en stam-en-blaar-voorstellings te gebruik;

Assesseringstandaard 5.7: Dit is duidelik wanneer die leerder die grootste en kleinste telling in ‘n datastel identifiseer en die verskil tussen hierdie tellings bepaal ten einde die verspreiding van die data (omvang) te bepaal;

Assesseringstandaard 5.9: Dit is duidelik wanneer die leerder data wat op verskeie maniere voorgestel is krities lees en interpreteer ten einde gevolgtrekkings en voorspellings te maak wat sensitief is.

Questions & Answers

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Kelo
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Cornelius
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Suppose a consumer consuming two commodities X and Y has The following utility function u=X0.4 Y0.6. If the price of the X and Y are 2 and 3 respectively and income Constraint is birr 50. A,Calculate quantities of x and y which maximize utility. B,Calculate value of Lagrange multiplier. C,Calculate quantities of X and Y consumed with a given price. D,alculate optimum level of output .
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Answer
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Source:  OpenStax, Wiskunde graad 7. OpenStax CNX. Oct 21, 2009 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11076/1.2
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