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This module is an exercise to implement FIR filters using TI linear assembly on TMS320C62x.

Fir filter implementation in ti linear assembly

What is linear assembly?

TI's linear assembly language enables you to write an assembly-like programs without worrying about register usage, pipelining, delayslots, etc. The assembler optimizer program reads the linear assembly code to figure out the algorithm, and then it producesan optimized list of assembly code to perform the operations. The linear assembly programming lets you:

  • use symbolic names,
  • forget pipeline issues,
  • ignore putting NOPs, parallel bars, functional units, register names,
  • more efficiently use CPU resources than C.

The linear assembly files have .sa extensions. When you have a linear assembly file in your Code Composer Studio project, the assembly optimizer isinvoked automatically to generate optimized actual assembly routine. You can consider the linear assemblylanguage as a tool to describe algorithms. To effectively convey the intent of the programmer to the assemblyoptimizer for proper optimization, there are quite a few extra directives in linear assembly.

C callable linear assembly procedure

The following is an example of C callable linear assembly routine that computes the dot product of two vectors. Itimplements a C function

short dotp(short* a, short* x, int count);

If a[] and x[] are two length-40 vectors, the C function call has the form

short a[]; short x[]; short z; ... ... z = dotp(a,x,40); ...

(see below how the arguments are passed and the pointers are used.) In the following, you learn various assembler directivesused below and how the optimized assembly code is generated by the assembler optimizer.

_dotp: .cproc ap,xp,cnt .reg a,x,prod,y MVK 40,cnt loop: .trip 40 LDH *ap++,a LDH *ax++,x MPY a,x,prod ADD y,prod,y SUB cnt,1,cnt [cnt] B loop .return y .endproc

The .cproc directive starts a C callable procedure. It must be used with .endproc to end a C procedure. _dotp: is the label used to name the procedure. By using .cproc to start the procedure, the assembly optimizer performs someoperations automatically in a .cproc region in order to make the function conform to the C callingconventions and to C register usage convention. The following optional variables ( ap,xp,cnt above) represent function parameters. The variable entries are very similar to parameters declared in a C function.

The arguments to the .cproc directive can be either machine-register names or symbolic names. Whenregister names are specified, its position in the argument list must correspond to the argument passing conventionsfor C. For example, the first argument in C function must be register A4. When symbolic names are specified, theassembly optimizer ensures proper allocation and initialization (if necessary) of registers at thebeginning of the procedure. To represent a 40-bit argument, a register pair can be specified as anargument. In this lab, however, we only use 32bit values as arguments.

The .reg directive allows you to use descriptive names for values that will be stored in registers. It isvalid only within procedures only.

The .return directive functionality is equivalent to the return statement in C code. It placesthe optional argument in the appropriate register for a return value as per the C calling conventions. If noargument is specified, no value is returned, similar to a void function in C code. To perform a conditional .return , you can simply put conditional branch around a .return as:

[!cc] B around .return around:

The .trip directive specifies the value of the trip count. The trip count indicates how many times a loop will iterate. By giving this extra information to the assembler optimizer, abetter optimization is achieved for loops. The label preceding .trip directive represents the beginning of the loop. This is a required parameter.

For more information on writing C callable linear assembly procedure, refer to TMS320C6x Optimizing C Compiler User's Guide . For C6x assembly instructions, refer to TMS320C62x/C67x CPU and Instruction Set Reference Guide .

Write a C callable FIR filtering routine in linear assembly. When using different optimization levels, what is the numberof clock cycles of each FIR filtering?

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Source:  OpenStax, Finite impulse response. OpenStax CNX. Feb 16, 2004 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col10226/1.1
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