# 3.5 Tree and venn diagrams  (Page 2/10)

 Page 2 / 10

## Try it

In a standard deck, there are 52 cards. Twelve cards are face cards ( F ) and 40 cards are not face cards ( N ). Draw two cards, one at a time, without replacement. The tree diagram is labeled with all possible probabilities.

1. Find P ( FN OR NF ).
2. Find P ( N | F ).
3. Find P (at most one face card).
Hint: "At most one face card" means zero or one face card.
4. Find P (at least on face card).
Hint: "At least one face card" means one or two face cards.
1. P ( FN OR NF ) =
2. P ( N | F ) = $\frac{40}{51}$
3. P (at most one face card) = = $\frac{2,520}{2,652}$
4. P (at least one face card) = = $\frac{\text{1,092}}{\text{2,652}}$

A litter of kittens available for adoption at the Humane Society has four tabby kittens and five black kittens. A family comes in and randomly selects two kittens (without replacement) for adoption.

1. What is the probability that both kittens are tabby?
a. $\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)$ b. $\left(\frac{4}{9}\right)\left(\frac{4}{9}\right)$ c. $\left(\frac{4}{9}\right)\left(\frac{3}{8}\right)$ d. $\left(\frac{4}{9}\right)\left(\frac{5}{9}\right)$
2. What is the probability that one kitten of each coloring is selected?
a. $\left(\frac{4}{9}\right)\left(\frac{5}{9}\right)$ b. $\left(\frac{4}{9}\right)\left(\frac{5}{8}\right)$ c. $\left(\frac{4}{9}\right)\left(\frac{5}{9}\right)+\left(\frac{5}{9}\right)\left(\frac{4}{9}\right)$ d. $\left(\frac{4}{9}\right)\left(\frac{5}{8}\right)+\left(\frac{5}{9}\right)\left(\frac{4}{8}\right)$
3. What is the probability that a tabby is chosen as the second kitten when a black kitten was chosen as the first?
4. What is the probability of choosing two kittens of the same color?

a. c, b. d, c. $\frac{4}{8}$ , d. $\frac{32}{72}$

## Try it

Suppose there are four red balls and three yellow balls in a box. Three balls are drawn from the box without replacement. What is the probability that one ball of each coloring is selected?

$\left(\frac{4}{7}\right)\left(\frac{3}{6}\right)$ + $\left(\frac{3}{7}\right)\left(\frac{4}{6}\right)$

## Venn diagram

A Venn diagram is a picture that represents the outcomes of an experiment. It generally consists of a box that represents the sample space S together with circles or ovals. The circles or ovals represent events.

Suppose an experiment has the outcomes 1, 2, 3, ... , 12 where each outcome has an equal chance of occurring. Let event A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} and event B = {6, 7, 8, 9}. Then A AND B = {6} and A  OR  B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}. The Venn diagram is as follows:

## Try it

Suppose an experiment has outcomes black, white, red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and purple, where each outcome has an equal chance of occurring. Let event C = {green, blue, purple} and event P = {red, yellow, blue}. Then C AND P = {blue} and C OR P = {green, blue, purple, red, yellow}. Draw a Venn diagram representing this situation.

Flip two fair coins. Let A = tails on the first coin. Let B = tails on the second coin. Then A = { TT , TH } and B = { TT , HT }. Therefore, A AND B = { TT }. A OR B = { TH , TT , HT }.

The sample space when you flip two fair coins is X = { HH , HT , TH , TT }. The outcome HH is in NEITHER A NOR B . The Venn diagram is as follows:

## Try it

Roll a fair, six-sided die. Let A = a prime number of dots is rolled. Let B = an odd number of dots is rolled. Then A = {2, 3, 5} and B = {1, 3, 5}. Therefore, A AND B = {3, 5}. A OR B = {1, 2, 3, 5}. The sample space for rolling a fair die is S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}. Draw a Venn diagram representing this situation.

Forty percent of the students at a local college belong to a club and 50% work part time. Five percent of the students work part time and belong to a club. Draw a Venn diagram showing the relationships. Let C = student belongs to a club and PT = student works part time.

If a student is selected at random, find

• the probability that the student belongs to a club. P ( C ) = 0.40
• the probability that the student works part time. P ( PT ) = 0.50
• the probability that the student belongs to a club AND works part time. P ( C AND PT ) = 0.05
• the probability that the student belongs to a club given that the student works part time.
• the probability that the student belongs to a club OR works part time. P ( C OR PT ) = P ( C ) + P ( PT ) - P ( C AND PT ) = 0.40 + 0.50 - 0.05 = 0.85

hi
Kachalla
what's up here ... am new here
Kachalla
sorry question a bit unclear...do you mean how do you analyze quantitative data? If yes, it depends on the specific question(s) you set in the beginning as well as on the data you collected. So the method of data analysis will be dependent on the data collecter and questions asked.
Bheka
how to solve for degree of freedom
saliou
Quantitative data is the data in numeric form. For eg: Income of persons asked is 10,000. This data is quantitative data on the other hand data collected for either make or female is qualitative data.
Rohan
*male
Rohan
Degree of freedom is the unconditionality. For example if you have total number of observations n, and you have to calculate variance, obviously you will need mean for that. Here mean is a condition, without which you cannot calculate variance. Therefore degree of freedom for variance will be n-1.
Rohan
data that is best presented in categories like haircolor, food taste (good, bad, fair, terrible) constitutes qualitative data
Bheka
vegetation types (grasslands, forests etc) qualitative data
Bheka
I don't understand how you solved it can you teach me
solve what?
Ambo
What is the end points of a confidence interval called?
lower and upper endpoints
Bheka
Class members write down the average time (in hours, to the nearest half-hour) they sleep per night.
how we make a classes of this(170.3,173.9,171.3,182.3,177.3,178.3,174.175.3)
Sarbaz
6.5
phoenix
11
Shakir
7.5
Ron
why is always lower class bundry used
Caleb
Assume you are in a class where quizzes are 20% of your grade, homework is 20%, exam _1 is 15%,exam _2 is 15%, and the final exam is 20%.Suppose you are in the fifth week and you just found out that you scored a 58/63 on the fist exam. You also know that you received 6/9,8/10,9/9 on the first
quizzes as well as a 9/11,10/10,and 4.5/7 on the first three homework assignment. what is your current grade in the course?
Diamatu
Abdul
if putting y=3x examine that correlation coefficient between x and y=3x is 1.
what is permutation
how to construct a histogram
You have to plot the class midpoint and the frequency
Wydny
ok so you use those two to draw the histogram right.
Amford
yes
Wydny
ok can i be a friend so you can be teaching me small small
Amford
how do you calculate cost effectiveness?
George
Hi everyone, this is a very good statistical group and am glad to be part of it. I'm just not sure how did I end up here cos this discussion just popes on my screen so if I wanna ask something in the future, how will I find you?
Bheka
To make a histogram, follow these steps: On the vertical axis, place frequencies. Label this axis "Frequency". On the horizontal axis, place the lower value of each interval. ... Draw a bar extending from the lower value of each interval to the lower value of the next interval.
Divya
I really appreciate that
I want to test linear regression data such as maintenance fees vs house size. Can I use R square, F test to test the relationship? Is the good condition of R square greater than 0.5
yes of course must have use f test and also use t test individually multple coefficients
rishi
Alright
umar
hi frnd I'm akeem by name, I wanna study economics and statistics wat ar d thing I must do to b a great economist
akeem
Is R square cannot analysis linear regression of X vs Y relationship?
Mok
To be an economist you have to be professional in maths
umar
hi frnds
Shehu
what is random sampling what is sample error
@Nistha Kashyap Random sampling is the selection of random items (or random numbers) from the group. A sample error occurs when the selected samples do not truely represent the whole group. The can happen when most or all of the selected samples are taken from only one section of the group;
Ron
Thus the sample is not truely random.
Ron
What is zero sum game?
A game in which there is no profit & no loss to any of the both player.
Milan
Differences between sample mean & population mean
***keydifferences.com/difference-between-sample-mean-and-population-mean.html
Lucien
Not difference in the formula except the notation, sample mean is denoted by x bar and population mean is denoted by mu symbol. There is formula as well as notation between difference variance and standard deviations
Akash
Likely the difference would be in the result, unless the sample is an exact representation of the population (which is unlikely.)
Ron
what is data
Nii
Nii Avin - Data is just a simple way to refer to the numbers in the population, or in the sample used in your calculations.
Ron
what are the types of data
Nii
Data is the very pale android from the Star Trek Enterprise
Andrew
Am Emmanuel from Nigeria
Emmanuel
Am Qudus from Nigeria
Rasak
am Handson from Cameroon
Handson
what is a mode?
Handson
Nii - data is whatever you are sampling. Such as the number of students in each classroom.
Ron
Handson Ndintek - the mode is the number appearing most frequently. Example: 7 9 11 7 4 6 3 7 2. 7 is the mode. In a group such as 7 9 1 4 6 3, there is no mode because no number appears more often than any other.
Ron
hi I want to know how to find class boundary
Baalisi
give me the two types of data
qualitative and quantitative
phoenix
primary and secondary data
Peace
qualitative and quantitative
Prince
Using Cauchy Schwartz inequality,or prove that b2-b1-1=0
what is the ongoing probability that President Trump will remain in the position he has chosen as his viability of his cabinet as he runs for reelection in the primaries of 2020 election year
Terry