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Sosiale wetenskappe: geskiedenis

Graad 5

'n vroeë afrika-gemeenskap: mense van s.a.

Module 12

Musiek uit afrika

Hierdie tema word nou letterlik met ‘n lied in die hart afgesluit. In Suid-Afrika woon, eet en sing die mense mos graag saam!

‘n Mens kan natuurlik verwag dat ‘n land met so ‘n ryke verskeidenheid mense ook ‘n wonderlike verskeidenheid musiek sal hê. Dit wissel van die San se eensnaar-ghoera, die polsende ritme van die mbqanga in baie swart woonbuurte, lewendige volksliedere van die Kaapse Klopse, simfonie-orkeste tot die tromme van werkers op olie- en vullisdromme.

AKTIWITEIT 1

OM BRONNE OOR DIE VERSKILLENDE GROEPE SE MUSIEK TE GEBRUIK

[LU 1.2]

a) Die San en Khoina

Die San het natuurlike materiale gebruik om hul musiekinstrumente van te maak. So is stringe ratelende krale om hul enkels vasgemaak wanneer hulle gedans het. Die skietboog is effens aangepas om musiek mee te maak en is ‘n ghoera genoem. Dit is bespeel deur met ‘n ligte stokkie op die snare te slaan. Vandag gebruik hulle ook materiale soos blikkies en koperdraad.

Die Khoina het fluite bespeel wat vervaardig is uit riete van verskillende lengtes. (Wat dink jy kon hulle gebruik het as daar nie riete beskikbaar was nie?) Hulle het ook dromme gemaak deur diervelle oor kleipotte te span.

San

Khoina

Doen die volgende navorsing in julle groepe:

In watter tipe bronne kan ‘n mens, byvoorbeeld oor musiek, na inligting gaan soek?

Vra ook vir jou onderwyser om aan jul te verduidelik hoe ‘n biblioteek se katalogus werk.

‘n Ghoera en tuisgemaakte kitaar is voorbeelde van snaarinstrumente. Gee die name van nog drie snaarinstrumente en maak ‘n eenvoudige sketsie langsaan.

b) Swart mense

Die enigste volkere in Suid-Afrika wat tradisionele tromspelers was, was die Venda-, Pedi- en Tsongavolkere. Die Ngunivolkere, soos die Xhosas en Zoeloes, het eerder met hulle wapens teen hulle beesvelskilde geslaan, of hulle skilde op die grond gestamp terwyl hulle krygsliedere gesing het. Die Ngunivolkere het eers in die latere jare hulle eie tromme met velle gemaak. Dié tromme is dan met twee tromstokkies bespeel.

Nguni-trom

Xilofoon

‘n Ander tradisionele musiekinstrument is natuurlik die xilofoon. Dié woord is afgelei van die Griekse woorde wat “hout” en “klanke” beteken. Dit is houtblokke van verskillende lengtes wat met stokke met harde koppe bespeel word. Soms is hol kalbasse onder die houtblokke vasgemaak om só die klankvolume te versterk.

Die Tsongas en Vendas het ook xilofone met vaste klawers gebruik. Sommige swart volkere het ook horings (van wildsbokke) gebruik en dit soos die vroeëre rietfluitspelers van die kant af geblaas.

Ghoera

Jou vriend Ben, van Soweto, wil ‘n tipiese tradisionele musiekinstrument van sy groep vir jou as verjaarsdaggeskenk gee. Doen navorsing en gee nou vir hom die name van vyf sulke musiekinstrumente in die volgorde soos jy daarvan hou. Sê ook hoekom jy dit so gerangskik het.

c) Klassieke tydperk

Tydens die Nederlandse bewind (sewentiende eeu) aan die Kaap is militêre musiek tydens seremoniële geleenthede met tromme, trompette en ander blaasinstrumente gespeel. By ryker gesinne het slawe-orkeste opgetree of het die kinders die gaste vermaak met viool-, fluit- en harpmusiek. In dieselfde tyd in Europa, het Duitsland gespog met van die wêreld se grootste komponiste, naamlik Johann Sebastian Bach en George Friederich Handel.

Questions & Answers

A golfer on a fairway is 70 m away from the green, which sits below the level of the fairway by 20 m. If the golfer hits the ball at an angle of 40° with an initial speed of 20 m/s, how close to the green does she come?
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Joseph Reply
Nevermind i just realied that the graph is the phons output for a person with normal hearing and not just the phons output of the sound waves power, I should read the entire thing next time
Joseph
Follow up question, does anyone know where I can find a graph that accuretly depicts the actual relative "power" output of sound over its frequency instead of just humans hearing
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Mujahid
A string is 3.00 m long with a mass of 5.00 g. The string is held taut with a tension of 500.00 N applied to the string. A pulse is sent down the string. How long does it take the pulse to travel the 3.00 m of the string?
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Source:  OpenStax, Sosiale wetenskappe: geskiedenis graad 5. OpenStax CNX. Sep 23, 2009 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col10987/1.2
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