The fourth limit state for beams is Flange Local Buckling,
or FLB for short. It is exactly the same as Web LocalBuckling, except the width-thickness ratio is in terms of
the flange and not the web. This type of buckling occurswhen the width-thickness ratio is not large enough to
withstand the moment on the beam. The way to prevent thistype of buckling is to limit the with-thickness ratio.
The limits can be computed for flange local buckling. The
width-thickness ratio is compared to
and
. Then the maximum moment can be calculated.
Equations to determine flb
When,
there is no FLB and the cross section is compact because,
from the yielding state.
When,
the graph is linear, and therefore a linear interpolation between
and
is used for the maximum moment.
And finally, when
the graph is non-linear, the flange is non-slender, and
there is an equation to find the maximum moment in AppendixF of the Specification section of the
Manual (page 16.1-96).
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