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Natuurwetenskappe

Graad 5

Materiaal

Module 27

Hedendaagse materiale

Aktiwiteit:

Om die gebruik van materiale in die bou van suid-afrikaanse tradisionele huise te verken

[lu 1.2; 2.1; 3.2]

Die verskuiwing van die landelike na die stedelike gebiede:

  • Tot die einde van die 19 de eeu het Suid-Afrika hoofsaaklik op die landbou gekonsentreer. Die mense het gewasse aangeplant en vee aangehou om hulle gesinne van kos te voorsien.
  • Na die ontdekking van goud en diamante het die stedelike omgewing meteens belowender gelyk vir werkgeleenthede. Sedertdien het baie mense na dié gebiede gestroom en het stede en dorpe met verloop van tyd ontwikkel.

Hier is die verhaal van so ‘n ontwikkeling.

Kimberley

Menige delwers het na Colesberg Kopje gestroom omdat diamante daar ontdek is. Die Groot Gat by Kimberley het eens op ‘n tyd as Colesberg Kopje bekend gestaan. Tussen die delwers was Cecil Rhodes, wat later die Eerste Minister van die Kaap geword, en ook De Beers Consolidated Mines tot stand gebring het.

Die meeste diamante is in “blougrond” of kimberliet ontdek. Dit is die rykste bron van diamante wat tot nou toe ontdek is. Tente en huisies is orals opgerig en ‘n klein dorpie het ontstaan.

Ongelukkig het gretige delwers die Colesberg Kopje weggegrawe en wat oorgebly het, staan vandag bekend as die Groot Gat. Vandag is dit ‘n museumdorpie en die delwersgeskiedenis kan in die museum besigtig word.

Tienduisende werklose mense stroom steeds stede toe op soek na werk. ‘n Groot tekort aan akkommodasie is tans ‘n probleem in Suid-Afrika. Baie mense het geen heenkome nie en maak gebruik van enige materiaal om ‘n struktuur op te rig wat as ‘n veilige skuiling kan dien. Sink, hout, droë modder, gras en plastiek is van die materiale wat gebruik word.

Woordeboekwerk:

Slaan die betekenis van die volgende woorde na en skryf dit neer:

tienduisende:

werklose:

akkommodasie:

heenkome:

struktuur:

skuiling:

tans:

Kom ons vergelyk ‘n gewone huis wat jy elke dag sien met ‘n plakkershut.

Maak jou eie sketse.

Bestudeer die sketse wat jy gemaak het en dui met ‘n √ aan watter materiale in ‘n plakkershut en/of ‘n huis gebruik word.

MATERIALE Plakkershut Huis
plastiek
glas
sink
asbes
teëls
bakstene
sement
hout
staal
klei
gras
papier
spykers

Maak nou jou eie afleidings.

Watter gebou is van sterker materiaal gebou? Hoekom sê jy so?

Het jy al waargeneem in watter omgewing hierdie plakkershutte opgerig word?

Indien ja, kan jy die omgewing beskryf?

Onthou : Elke soort materiaal het spesifieke eienskappe, bv. hout brand, maar staal nie. Dus moet die materiaal pas by die werk wat dit moet verrig.

Assessering

LU 1

WETENSKAPLIKE ONDERSOEK Die leerder is in staat om met selfvertroue op weetgierigheid oor natuurlike verskynsels te reageer, en om binne die konteks van wetenskap, tegnologie en die omgewing verbande te ondersoek en probleme op te los.

Dit is duidelik wanneer die leerder:

1.1 ondersoeke beplan;

1.2 ondersoeke uitvoer en data versamel;

1.3 data evalueer en bevindinge kommunikeer.

LU 2

KONSTRUKSIE VAN WETENSKAPKENNIS Die leerder ken, interpreteer en pas wetenskaplike, tegnologiese en omgewingskennis toe.

Dit is duidelik wanneer die leerder:

2.1 betekenisvolle inligting onthou;

2.2 inligting kategoriseer en eie reëls vir kategorisering verduidelik.

LU 3

WETENSKAP, DIE SAMELEWING EN DIE OMGEWING Die leerder is in staat om begrip van die onderlinge verband tussen wetenskap en tegnologie, die samelewing en die omgewing te toon .

Dit is duidelik wanneer die leerder

3.1 wetenskap en tegnologie in die konteks van geskiedenis en inheemse kennis verstaan: identifiseer wyses waarop produkte en tegnologieë uit ander tye en kulture aangepas is;

3.2 die impak van wetenskap en tegnologie verstaan: identifiseer die positiewe en negatiewe effekte van wetenskaplike ontwikkelinge of tegnologiese produkte op mense se lewenskwaliteit en/of die omgewing.

Memorandum

Woordeboekwerk:

  • Tienduisende: menige, baie
  • Werklose: sonder werk
  • Akkommodasie: huisvesting
  • Heenkome: toevlug
  • Struktuur: bouwyse, samestelling, samevoeging
  • Skuiling: beskutting
  • Tans: nou, hede

Vergelyking: gewone huis met plakkershut

MATERIALE P PLAKKERSHUT HUIS
plastiek
glas
sink
asbes
teëls
bakstene
sement
hout
staal
klei
gras
papier
spykers
  • Afleidings
  • Sterkste: Huis

Hoekom:

‘n Huis het ‘n stewige fondament van sement en bakstene. Die mure is ook van sement, staal en bakstene. Die dak het ‘n houtraamwerk met swaar teëls / asbesplate. Vensters het stewige rame met glas.

Omgewing van plakkershutte:

Ja – waar huise gewoonlik nie gebou is nie. Geneig om nat te wees in die reënseisoen; partykeer naby water omdat hulle water benut – indien swaar reën val – oorstromings. Partykeer sanderige gebied waar niks groei nie. Naby industriële gebied – dalk naby werk.

Questions & Answers

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Cornelius
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Source:  OpenStax, Natuurwetenskappe graad 5. OpenStax CNX. Sep 23, 2009 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col10980/1.2
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