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x = 1 + t , y = 3 + t , z = 5 + 4 t , t

a. P ( 1 , 3 , 5 ) , v = 1 , 1 , 4 ; b. 3

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Find the distance between point A ( −3 , 1 , 1 ) and the line of symmetric equations

x = y = z .

2 2 3

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Find the distance between point A ( 4 , 2 , 5 ) and the line of parametric equations

x = −1 t , y = t , z = 2 , t .

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For the following exercises, lines L 1 and L 2 are given.

  1. Verify whether lines L 1 and L 2 are parallel.
  2. If the lines L 1 and L 2 are parallel, then find the distance between them.

L 1 : x = 1 + t , y = t , z = 2 + t , t , L 2 : x 3 = y 1 = z 3

a. Parallel; b. 2 3

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L 1 : x = 2 , y = 1 , z = t , L 2 : x = 1 , y = 1 , z = 2 3 t , t

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Show that the line passing through points P ( 3 , 1 , 0 ) and Q ( 1 , 4 , −3 ) is perpendicular to the line with equation x = 3 t , y = 3 + 8 t , z = −7 + 6 t , t .

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Are the lines of equations x = −2 + 2 t , y = −6 , z = 2 + 6 t and x = −1 + t , y = 1 + t , z = t , t , perpendicular to each other?

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Find the point of intersection of the lines of equations x = −2 y = 3 z and x = −5 t , y = −1 + t , z = t 11 , t .

( −12 , 6 , −4 )

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Find the intersection point of the x -axis with the line of parametric equations

x = 10 + t , y = 2 2 t , z = −3 + 3 t , t .

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For the following exercises, lines L 1 and L 2 are given. Determine whether the lines are equal, parallel but not equal, skew, or intersecting.

L 1 : x = y 1 = z and L 2 : x 2 = y = z 2

The lines are skew.

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L 1 : x = 2 t , y = 0 , z = 3 , t and L 2 : x = 0 , y = 8 + s , z = 7 + s , s

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L 1 : x = −1 + 2 t , y = 1 + 3 t , z = 7 t , t and L 2 : x 1 = 2 3 ( y 4 ) = 2 7 z 2

The lines are equal.

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L 1 : 3 x = y + 1 = 2 z and L 2 : x = 6 + 2 t , y = 17 + 6 t , z = 9 + 3 t , t

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Consider line L of symmetric equations x 2 = y = z 2 and point A ( 1 , 1 , 1 ) .

  1. Find parametric equations for a line parallel to L that passes through point A .
  2. Find symmetric equations of a line skew to L and that passes through point A .
  3. Find symmetric equations of a line that intersects L and passes through point A .

a. x = 1 + t , y = 1 t , z = 1 + 2 t , t ; b. For instance, the line passing through A with direction vector j : x = 1 , z = 1 ; c. For instance, the line passing through A and point ( 2 , 0 , 0 ) that belongs to L is a line that intersects; L : x 1 −1 = y 1 = z 1

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Consider line L of parametric equations x = t , y = 2 t , z = 3 , t .

  1. Find parametric equations for a line parallel to L that passes through the origin.
  2. Find parametric equations of a line skew to L that passes through the origin.
  3. Find symmetric equations of a line that intersects L and passes through the origin.
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For the following exercises, point P and vector n are given.

  1. Find the scalar equation of the plane that passes through P and has normal vector n .
  2. Find the general form of the equation of the plane that passes through P and has normal vector n .

P ( 0 , 0 , 0 ) , n = 3 i 2 j + 4 k

a. 3 x 2 y + 4 z = 0 ; b. 3 x 2 y + 4 z = 0

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P ( 3 , 2 , 2 ) , n = 2 i + 3 j k

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P ( 1 , 2 , 3 ) , n = 1 , 2 , 3

a. ( x 1 ) + 2 ( y 2 ) + 3 ( z 3 ) = 0 ; b. x + 2 y + 3 z 14 = 0

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P ( 0 , 0 , 0 ) , n = −3 , 2 , −1

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For the following exercises, the equation of a plane is given.

  1. Find normal vector n to the plane. Express n using standard unit vectors.
  2. Find the intersections of the plane with the axes of coordinates.
  3. Sketch the plane.

[T] 4 x + 5 y + 10 z 20 = 0

a. n = 4 i + 5 j + 10 k ; b. ( 5 , 0 , 0 ) , ( 0 , 4 , 0 ) , and ( 0 , 0 , 2 ) ;
c.
This figure is the first octant of the 3-dimensional coordinate system. It has a triangle drawn with vertices on the x, y, and z axes.

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3 x 2 y + 4 z = 0

a. n = 3 i 2 j + 4 k ; b. ( 0 , 0 , 0 ) ;
c.
This figure is the 3-dimensional coordinate system represented in a box. It has a tilted parallelogram inside the box representing a plane.

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Given point P ( 1 , 2 , 3 ) and vector n = i + j , find point Q on the x -axis such that P Q and n are orthogonal.

( 3 , 0 , 0 )

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Show there is no plane perpendicular to n = i + j that passes through points P ( 1 , 2 , 3 ) and Q ( 2 , 3 , 4 ) .

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Find parametric equations of the line passing through point P ( −2 , 1 , 3 ) that is perpendicular to the plane of equation 2 x 3 y + z = 7 .

x = −2 + 2 t , y = 1 3 t , z = 3 + t , t

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Practice Key Terms 9

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Source:  OpenStax, Calculus volume 3. OpenStax CNX. Feb 05, 2016 Download for free at http://legacy.cnx.org/content/col11966/1.2
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