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Sosiale wetenskappe: aardrykskunde

Graad 8

Natuurlike hulpbronne

Module 9

Mariene bronne en die kus

Mariene Bronne

  • Die oseane bedek meer as twee derdes van die aardoppervlakte en speel ‘n sleutelrol in die hidrologiese siklus, die chemiese werking van die atmosfeer en die vorming van die klimaat en weer. Hoewel die oseane groot is, is hul eintlike biologiese rykdom gekonsentreer langs kuslyne, by riviermondings en op die relatief smal kontinentale banke tot op ‘n diepte van ongeveer 200 m. Hierdie gebied bevat die groot visvelde wat 80 persent van die wêreld se vis oplewer en een van die vernaamste voedselbronne vir miljoene mense is. Suid-Afrika is die wêreld se 24ste grootste visprodusent en meer as 90 persent van die jaarlikse vangs kom van die hoogs produktiewe koue waters van die Weskus.
  • Tot dusver is daar nog weinig formele pogings aangewend om die see veeldoenig te benut. Vroeëre en bestaande regulasies is hoofsaaklik gemik op die kommersiële ontginning van mariene bronne. Nie-volhoubare visvangste hou die grootste bedreiging in vir lewende mariene bronne. Baie van hierdie visvelde is in die verlede oorontgin en sommige visstapels, soos die sardyne langs die Namibiese kus, het nog nie herstel nie. In ‘n poging om visbronne volhoubaar wyse te benut, het die Suid-Afrikaanse owerhede ‘n kwotastelsel binne ‘n Totale Toelaatbare Vangs (TTV) vasgestel vir kommersiële spesies, aangevul met geslote seisoene en groottebeperkings.
  • Onder Suid-Afrika se ou bestel is gemeenskappe se tradisionele toegang tot mariene bronne geleidelik van hulle ontneem, deurdat voorkeur gegee is aan groter maatskappye wat deur vermoënde aandeelhouers beheer is.

  • Enkele jare gelede het die Wes-Kaapse regering besluit om d.m.v. wetgewing viskwotas in te stel. Dit het tot groot teenkanting onder verskillende gemeenskappe gelei. Hier volg twee van talle response in die plaaslike koerante.

Vis op drumpel van uitwissing

Ek lees met skok in Die Burger van 18 April van die ineenstorting van lynvis in ons waters. Agt lyn-visspesies word tans vinniger gevang as wat hulle kan teel.

Volgens die verslag van dr. Marc Griffiths van Mariene en Kusbestuur sal lisensiehouers verminder moet word om die visbedryf te red.

Die verslag meld dat galjoen, silwer-kabeljou, witsteenbras, witstompneus en donkerkabeljou vinniger gevang word as wat hulle kan teel en dat die elf reeds oorbenut is. Die dageraad het glo al feitlik verdwyn.

Om die visbronne van totale uitwissing te red sal strenger maatreëls toegepas moet word.

Opofferinge sal deur die rots- en strandhengelaars sowel as die strandnet- en treiler-eienaars gedoen moet word.

Verder sal die Regering ernstig daaraan moet dink om meer wetstoepassers aan te stel om die regulasies op die bewaring van Mariene en Kusbestuur afdwingbaar te maak, en dit behoorlik toe te pas.

Buitelandse vistreilers sal verbied moet word om binne 200 km gebiedswaters van Suid-Afrika vis te vang, en geen viskwotas moet aan hulle toegestaan word nie.

Strandnet-eienaars moet vir minstens twee jaar verbied word. Indien hulle wel toegelaat word om vis langs die kus te vang, moet hul nette drasties na 100 m verkort word, sonder ‘n sak in die net. Strandnette roei talle ondermaat-visse uit.

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In biology, a pathogen (Greek: πάθος pathos "suffering", "passion" and -γενής -genēs "producer of") in the oldest and broadest sense, is anything that can produce disease. A pathogen may also be referred to as an infectious agent, or simply a germ. The term pathogen came into use in the 1880s.[1][2
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Source:  OpenStax, Aardrykskunde graad 8. OpenStax CNX. Sep 11, 2009 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11035/1.1
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