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English home language

Let’s go underground

Educator section

Memorandum

Educator’s page:

The sounds to be introduced in this module are:- k as in kite; b as in ball; p as in pipe; s as in snake; f as in fox; e as in egg; d as in donkey; g as in gate.

The learner should, at the end of Module 3, be able to recognise all these sounds, namely, a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, k, l, m, n, o, p, r, s, v, w.

Daily revision of these sounds is essential, as well as assessing individually to see whether some learners are confused. If so – re-teach those sounds, play flash card games with them, match sound to picture until they know them all fluently.

Matching sound to picture can be done in the following way.

a o g n On a card. Match pictures to card

h b f p

l v c e

w r k d

Word building is to be introduced only with sounds already learnt.

This is a slow process that needs much practice. Listening and identifying the beginning as well as the last letters should precede word building, e.g. “Listen to the word; what can you hear first? Cat. What can you hear last?” The educator will emphasize the letter to be identified, e.g. cat. Many examples can be given. Use 3-letter words.

As soon as learners can identify the beginning and the last letters, let them listen for the middle letter, again emphasizing it, e.g. cat.

Reading

Learners have, at the end of Module 3, learnt to read and recognise ±100 words.

Here again much repetition and frequent consolidation is necessary. Use the vocabulary pages in the modules. Learners can read these words to one another, in pairs, in small groups and at home. Many games can also be devised for consolidating these words.

Encourage the learners to make up their own stories (sentences) orally, using these words. They can be encouraged to write these sentences – at first perhaps one a day – and then to illustrate them. Their stories will become longer depending on the amount of practice they get in using the vocabulary for their own stories. Also encourage them to use the new words, which were introduced when the new sound was taught. If they also “read” through these pages regularly, they will soon have a large amount of words with which to make their own new “stories”.

The game: The “friend’s” card can be cut off, making two loose cards. The educator can make other cards with words that need to be practised.

The educator needs to photostat the cards 1, 2, 3 and 4 for extra copies, which are cut up, for the small cards. These small cards are shuffled and learners take turns to pick them up, read them and match the word on the small card to the word on their card. The learner covers his/her card with the small card. The one who has covered his/her whole card first is the winner.

  • Ask questions.
  • Let the learners predict what could happen.
  • Let them give a reason to explain how the Toobies are able to build tunnels so quickly.
  • What do they think of the Wise Old Owl?

Leaner section

Content

  • Draw a picture of the Toobies digging tunnels to help the Wops.
  • Make a sentence with these words to match your picture.
  • Write it.
LO 4.2.1 LO 4.2.2

Vocabulary page

  • Keep in your file.
  • Read the words.
LO1.6.1 LO 3.2.4
LO 4.1.1 LO 4.1.2 LO 4.1.3
LO 4.1.1 LO 4.1.2 LO 4.1.3
LO 4.1.1 LO 4.1.2 LO 4.1.3

Assessment

Learning Outcome 1: LISTENING: The learner is able to listen for information and enjoyment and respond appropriately and critically in a wider range of situations.

Assessment Standard 1.6: We know this when the learner develops phonic awareness:

1.6.1 distinguishes between different phonemes, especially at the beginning of words.

Learning Outcome 3: READING AND VIEWING : The learner is able to read and view for information and enjoyment and respond critically to the aesthetic, cultural and emotional values in texts.

Assessment Standard 3.2: We know this when the learner role-play reading:

3.2.4 uses pictures to construct ideas;

Learning Outcome 4: WRITING : The learner is able to write different kinds of factual and imaginative texts for a wide range of purposes.

Assessment Standard 4.1: We know this when the learner writes with increasing legibility:

4.1.1 manipulates writing tools like crayons and pencils effectively;

4.1.2 develops letter formation and handwriting skills, drawing patterns, tracing and copying words;

4.1.3 forms letters of the alphabet successfully.

Assessment Standard 4.2: We know this when the learner does pre-writing:

4.2.1 creates and uses drawings as a focus for writing;

4.2.2 responds to a picture by writing simple sentences.

Questions & Answers

how does Neisseria cause meningitis
Nyibol Reply
what is microbiologist
Muhammad Reply
what is errata
Muhammad
is the branch of biology that deals with the study of microorganisms.
Ntefuni Reply
What is microbiology
Mercy Reply
studies of microbes
Louisiaste
when we takee the specimen which lumbar,spin,
Ziyad Reply
How bacteria create energy to survive?
Muhamad Reply
Bacteria doesn't produce energy they are dependent upon their substrate in case of lack of nutrients they are able to make spores which helps them to sustain in harsh environments
_Adnan
But not all bacteria make spores, l mean Eukaryotic cells have Mitochondria which acts as powerhouse for them, since bacteria don't have it, what is the substitution for it?
Muhamad
they make spores
Louisiaste
what is sporadic nd endemic, epidemic
Aminu Reply
the significance of food webs for disease transmission
Abreham
food webs brings about an infection as an individual depends on number of diseased foods or carriers dully.
Mark
explain assimilatory nitrate reduction
Esinniobiwa Reply
Assimilatory nitrate reduction is a process that occurs in some microorganisms, such as bacteria and archaea, in which nitrate (NO3-) is reduced to nitrite (NO2-), and then further reduced to ammonia (NH3).
Elkana
This process is called assimilatory nitrate reduction because the nitrogen that is produced is incorporated in the cells of microorganisms where it can be used in the synthesis of amino acids and other nitrogen products
Elkana
Examples of thermophilic organisms
Shu Reply
Give Examples of thermophilic organisms
Shu
advantages of normal Flora to the host
Micheal Reply
Prevent foreign microbes to the host
Abubakar
they provide healthier benefits to their hosts
ayesha
They are friends to host only when Host immune system is strong and become enemies when the host immune system is weakened . very bad relationship!
Mark
what is cell
faisal Reply
cell is the smallest unit of life
Fauziya
cell is the smallest unit of life
Akanni
ok
Innocent
cell is the structural and functional unit of life
Hasan
is the fundamental units of Life
Musa
what are emergency diseases
Micheal Reply
There are nothing like emergency disease but there are some common medical emergency which can occur simultaneously like Bleeding,heart attack,Breathing difficulties,severe pain heart stock.Hope you will get my point .Have a nice day ❣️
_Adnan
define infection ,prevention and control
Innocent
I think infection prevention and control is the avoidance of all things we do that gives out break of infections and promotion of health practices that promote life
Lubega
Heyy Lubega hussein where are u from?
_Adnan
en français
Adama
which site have a normal flora
ESTHER Reply
Many sites of the body have it Skin Nasal cavity Oral cavity Gastro intestinal tract
Safaa
skin
Asiina
skin,Oral,Nasal,GIt
Sadik
How can Commensal can Bacteria change into pathogen?
Sadik
How can Commensal Bacteria change into pathogen?
Sadik
all
Tesfaye
by fussion
Asiina
what are the advantages of normal Flora to the host
Micheal
what are the ways of control and prevention of nosocomial infection in the hospital
Micheal
what is inflammation
Shelly Reply
part of a tissue or an organ being wounded or bruised.
Wilfred
what term is used to name and classify microorganisms?
Micheal Reply
Binomial nomenclature
adeolu
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Source:  OpenStax, English home language grade 1. OpenStax CNX. Sep 22, 2009 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11115/1.1
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